Bahasa Hokkien Taiwan - Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas

Bahasa Minnan Taiwan
Bahasa Minnan Taiwan
Tulisan Cina Tradisional	臺灣閩南語
POJ Bahasa Hokkien	Tâi-oân Bân-lâm-gí / Tâi-oân Bân-lâm-gú
POJ Bahasa Hokkien
Transkripsi
Bahasa Min Selatan
POJ Bahasa Hokkien	Tâi-oân Bân-lâm-gí / Tâi-oân Bân-lâm-gú
Bahasa Taiwan
Tulisan Cina Tradisional	臺灣話
POJ Bahasa Hokkien	Tâi-oân-oē
Hanyu Pinyin
Transkripsi
Bahasa Mandarin Baku
Hanyu Pinyin	Táiwān huà
Wu
Perumian	The-uae-ho
Bahasa Yue: Bahasa Kantonis
Perumian Yale	Tòih wāan wáh
Jyutping	toi4 waan1 waa5
Bahasa Min Selatan
POJ Bahasa Hokkien	Tâi-oân-oē
Second alternative Chinese name
Tulisan Cina Tradisional	臺灣語
POJ Bahasa Hokkien	Tâi-oân-gí / Tâi-oân-gú
Hanyu Pinyin
Transkripsi
Bahasa Mandarin Baku
Hanyu Pinyin	Táiwān-yǔ
Wu
Perumian	The-uae-nyy
Bahasa Yue: Bahasa Kantonis
Perumian Yale	Tòih wāan yúh
Jyutping	toi4 waan1 jyu5
Bahasa Min Selatan
POJ Bahasa Hokkien	Tâi-oân-gí / Tâi-oân-gú

Sampel
	Sampel suara; Sampel suara bahasa ini, diambil dari Wikidata; noicon (Bantuan • Fail • Lainnya)

Bahasa Hokkien Taiwan
Bahasa Hokkien Taiwan
臺灣閩南語
Sebutan	"Tâi-gí/Tâi-gú"; in different pronunciations [tai˧˩ g̃i˥˩] / [tai˧˩ g̃u˥˩] (coastal); [tai˧ g̃i˥˩] / [tai˧ g̃u˥˩] (inland) Templat:HideF
Asli kepada	Taiwan
Penutur bahasa	16+ juta (2017)
Keluarga bahasa	Sino-Tibetan Sinitik Min Min Selatan Quanzhang Bahasa Hokkien Taiwan; ; ; ; ;
Sistem penulisan	Rumi (Pe̍h-ōe-jī), aksara Cina
Status rasmi
Bahasa rasmi di	Taiwan
Dikawal selia oleh	Kementerian Pendidikan di Taiwan dan NGO berkaitan di Taiwan
Kod bahasa
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	taib1242 Taibei Hokkien
Linguasphere	79-AAA-jh
Sampel
Sampel
	Sampel suara; Sampel suara bahasa ini, diambil dari Wikidata; noicon (Bantuan • Fail • Lainnya)
	Rencana ini mengandungi simbol fonetik IPA. Tanpa sokongan perisian tertentu, anda mungkin melihat tanda tanya, kotak, atau simbol lain dan bukannya askara Unicode. Untuk panduan pengenalan mengenai simbol IPA, lihat Bantuan:IPA.

Bahasa Hokkien Taiwan, juga dikenali sebagai bahasa Minnan Taiwan^[I], Holo,^[8] Taiwan,^[II] atau Taigi,^[9] ialah suatu ragam bahasa Hokkien yang ditutur asli oleh sekitar 70% populasi Taiwan.^[10] Ia ditutur oleh orang Hoklo Taiwan, yang dari keturunan pendatang dari selatan Fujian semasa dinasti Qing.^[11] Perumian Pe̍h-ōe-jī (POJ) ialah ortografi yang popular bagi varian bahasa Hokkien ini.

Bahasa Hokkien Taiwan pada umumnya serupa dengan tuturan Amoy, Quanzhou dan Zhangzhou (cabang bahasa Minnan Cina), serta bentuk dialeknya digunakan di Asia Tenggara, dan pada umumnya saling memahami.^[12] Kepopularan ramai media hiburan Hokkien dari Taiwan telah memberi kelantangan kepada ragam Taiwan Hokkien, terutamanya sejak 1980-an.

Kesarjanaan

Written Taiwanese Klöter (dipetik di bawah) telah digambarkan "kajian bahasa Taiwan bertulis berbahasa Inggeris yang paling menyeluruh".^[13]

Lihat juga

Nota

^ Bahasa kebangsaan di Taiwan;^[2]^[3]^[4] juga status berkanun di Taiwan sebagai salah satu bahasa untuk pengumuman pengangkutan awam^[5] dan untuk ujian naturalisasi.^[6]

Perkataan dalam bahasa-bahasa asal

^ ^a ^b
- Tulisan Cina: 臺灣閩南語code: zh is deprecated
- Mandarin Pinyin: Táiwān Mǐnnányǔcode: cmn is deprecated
- Hokkien: Tâi-oân Bân-lâm gí (gú)code: nan is deprecated
- Hakka Sixian: 台湾闽南语code: hak is deprecated
^
- Tulisan Cina: 臺灣話（語）code: zh is deprecated
- Hokkien: Tâi-oân oē (gí; gú)code: nan is deprecated

Rujukan

Petikan

^ Bahasa Hokkien Taiwan di Ethnologue (edisi ke-18, 2015)
^ "Draft national language development act clears legislative floor". focustaiwan.tw.
^ "立院三讀《國家語言發展法》　公廣集團可設台語電視台". ltn.com.tw.
^ "《國家語言發展法》立院三讀！政府得設台語專屬頻道". ltn.com.tw.
^ 大眾運輸工具播音語言平等保障法
^ Article 6 of the Standards for Identification of Basic Language Abilities and General Knowledge of the Rights and Duties of Naturalized Citizens Diarkibkan 2017-07-25 di Wayback Machine
^ Table 6: Languages used at home for the resident nationals aged 6 years and over by gender and age, 2010 Population and Housing Census Diarkibkan 22 Februari 2015 di Wayback Machine, Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics (DGBAS), ROC (Taiwan).
^ "TAIWAN SNAPSHOT". Dicapai pada 15 March 2020. Languages Mandarin (Chinese), Holo (Taiwanese), Hakka, Austronesian languages
^ "Taigi與台語". Liberty Times. Dicapai pada 10 August 2019.
^ "Taiwan". Ethnologue. Prinicpal languages
^ Dreyer, June Teufel (2003). "Taiwan's Evolving Identity". The Evolution of a Taiwanese National Identity (PDF). Asia Program Special Report. 114. Washington: Woodrow Wilson International Institute for Scholars. m/s. 4–10. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 2016-03-25. Dicapai pada 12 August 2016.
^ "Chinese, Min Nan". Ethnologue (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2018-06-12.
^ Snow (2004), m/s. 261.

Sumber dipetik

Ang, Ui-jin (1987). 臺灣河佬語聲調研究 (dalam bahasa Cina) (ed. 4). Taipei: 自立晚報. ISBN 9789575960353. OCLC 813713530.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Davidson, James W. (1903). The Island of Formosa, Past and Present : history, people, resources, and commercial prospects : tea, camphor, sugar, gold, coal, sulphur, economical plants, and other productions. London and New York: Macmillan. OCLC 1887893. OL 6931635M.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Klöter, Henning (2005). Written Taiwanese. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 9783447050937.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Snow, D. (2004). Cantonese as Written Language: The Growth of a Written Chinese Vernacular. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 9789622097094.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Wu, Soli (2000). 國臺對照活用辭典 [Mandarin-Taiwanese Comparative Living Dictionary] (dalam bahasa Cina dan Cina). Taipei: Yuan-Liou. ISBN 9789573240884. OCLC 45990089.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Bacaan lanjut

Buku dan bahan lain

(Disebabkan bahan bahasa Melayu dan Inggeris tentang pembelajaran bahasa Taiwan terhad, buku bahasa Jepun dan Jerman juga tersenarai di sini.)

Buku teks & kamus Inggeris

李勤岸 (2005). 哈佛臺語101 [Harvard Taiwanese 101] (paperback & CD) (dalam bahasa Inggeris dan Cina). Diterjemahkan oleh Yeh, Chieh-Ting; Lee, Marian. Tainan: 開朗. ISBN 9789868160811.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Su-chu Wu, Bodman, Nicholas C.: Spoken Taiwanese with cassette(s), 1980/2001, ISBN 0-87950-461-7 or ISBN 0-87950-460-9 or ISBN 0-87950-462-5
Campbell, William (1913). A Dictionary of the Amoy Vernacular, spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-chiu, Chiang-chiu and Formosa. Tainan: Taiwan Church Press. OCLC 867068660.
- Campbell, William (1923) [1913]. A Dictionary of the Amoy Vernacular, spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-chiu, Chiang-chiu and Formosa (ed. 2nd). Yokohama: Fukuin Print. Co. OCLC 43655590(with preface by Thomas Barclay)CS1 maint: postscript (link)
Iâu Chèng-to: Cheng-soán Pe̍h-oē-jī (Concise Colloquial Writing). Tainan, Taiwan: Jîn-kong (an imprint of the Presbyterian Church in Taiwan). 1992.
Tân, K. T: A Chinese-English Dictionary: Taiwan Dialect. Taipei: Southern Materials Center. 1978.
Maryknoll Language Service Center: English-Amoy Dictionary. Taichung, Taiwan: Maryknoll Fathers. 1979.

Terbitan bahasa Jepun

Higuchi, Yasushi (樋口靖 Higuchi Yasushi): 台湾語会話, 2000, ISBN 4-497-20004-3 (Good and yet concise introduction to the Taiwanese language in Japanese; CD: ISBN 4-497-20006-X)
Zhao, Yihua (趙怡華 Zhào Yíhuá): はじめての台湾語, 2003, ISBN 4-7569-0665-6 (Introduction to Taiwanese [and Mandarin]; in Japanese).
Zheng, Zhenghao (鄭正浩 Zhèng Zhènghào): 台湾語基本単語2000, 1996, ISBN 4-87615-697-2 (Basic vocabulary in Taiwanese 2000; in Japanese).
Zhao, Yihua (趙怡華 Zhào Yíhuá), Chen Fenghui (陳豐惠 Chén Fēnghuì), Kaori Takao (たかおかおり Takao Kaori), 2006, 絵でわかる台湾語会話. ISBN 978-4-7569-0991-6 (Conversations in Taiwanese [and Mandarin] with illustrations; in Japanese).

Others

Katharina Sommer, Xie Shu-Kai: Taiwanisch Wort für Wort, 2004, ISBN 3-89416-348-8 (Taiwanese for travellers, in German. CD: ISBN 3-8317-6094-2)

Rencana dan sumber lain

Chiung, Wi-vun Taiffalo (2003). "Tone Change in Taiwanese: Age and Geographic Factors" (PDF). University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics. 8 (1). Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 3 March 2012.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
LÎM, Chùn-io̍k (2014). "The Common Taiwanese Bible: A Means of Seeking to Affirm the Selfhood and Integrity of Taiwanese and Their Language". Journal of Taiwanese Vernacular. 6 (2): 106–9. doi:10.6621/JTV.2014.0602.05.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Tan-Tenn, Henry H. (2001). "Taiwanese learning resources" (PDF). Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 2005-04-18.
Tiuⁿ, Jū-hông (2001). 白話字基本論 : 臺語文對應&相關的議題淺說 [Principles of Pe̍h-oē-jī or the Taiwanese Orthography: an introduction to its sound-symbol correspondences and related issues] (dalam bahasa Chinese). Taipei: Crane. ISBN 957-2053-07-8.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Pautan luar

Tentang bahasa

Cannings, Michael. "Introducing the Taiwanese Language". Tailingua.
Blog on the Taiwanese language and language education in Taiwan
Mair, Victor H. (2003). "How to Forget Your Mother Tongue and Remember Your National Language". University of Pennsylvania. Dicapai pada 2 July 2011.
Sino-Tibetan Swadesh lists

Kamus

臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (dalam bahasa Chinese). Ministry of Education, R.O.C. 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
Iûⁿ, Ún-giân. 台語-華語線頂辭典 [Taiwanese-Mandarin Online Dictionary] (dalam bahasa Taiwanese Hokkien, Cina, dan Inggeris).
Iûⁿ, Ún-giân. 台語線頂字典 [Taiwanese Online Character Dictionary] (dalam bahasa Chinese).CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
臺灣本土語言互譯及語音合成系統 [Taiwanese languages translation and speech synthesis system] (dalam bahasa Cina, Taiwanese Hokkien, dan Cina Hakka). Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 8 October 2006.
"Maryknoll Taiwanese-English Dictionary and English-Amoy Dictionary". Maryknoll Language Service Center.

Bantuan pembelajaran

Intermediate Taiwanese grammar (as a blog)
Taiwanese vocabulary: word of the day (blog)
Taiwanese teaching material: Nursery rhymes and songs in Han characters and romanization w/ recordings in MP3
Travlang (language resources for travellers): Hō-ló-oē
Spoken Hokkien - a beginner's e-textbook, with audio, for English-speaking learners of conversational Taiwanese.
"Daiwanway". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2007-04-29. Tutorial, dictionary, and stories in Taiwanese. Uses a unique romanization system, different from Pe̍h-oē-jī. Includes sound filesCS1 maint: postscript (link)

Lain

Open Directory (dmoz): World: Taiwanese

Templat:Bahasa di Taiwan Templat:Bahasa-bahasa Min Selatan Templat:Bahasa Cina Min

[8] Bahasa kebangsaan di Taiwan;^[2]^[3]^[4] juga status berkanun di Taiwan sebagai salah satu bahasa untuk pengumuman pengangkutan awam^[5] dan untuk ujian naturalisasi.^[6]

[word1-1] 
Tulisan Cina: 臺灣閩南語code: zh is deprecated
Mandarin Pinyin: Táiwān Mǐnnányǔcode: cmn is deprecated
Hokkien: Tâi-oân Bân-lâm gí (gú)code: nan is deprecated
Hakka Sixian: 台湾闽南语code: hak is deprecated

[3] Tulisan Cina: 臺灣閩南語code: zh is deprecated

[4] Mandarin Pinyin: Táiwān Mǐnnányǔcode: cmn is deprecated

[5] Hokkien: Tâi-oân Bân-lâm gí (gú)code: nan is deprecated

[6] Hakka Sixian: 台湾闽南语code: hak is deprecated

[11] 
Tulisan Cina: 臺灣話（語）code: zh is deprecated
Hokkien: Tâi-oân oē (gí; gú)code: nan is deprecated

[8] Tulisan Cina: 臺灣話（語）code: zh is deprecated

[9] Hokkien: Tâi-oân oē (gí; gú)code: nan is deprecated

[2] Bahasa Hokkien Taiwan di Ethnologue (edisi ke-18, 2015)

[3] "Draft national language development act clears legislative floor". focustaiwan.tw.

[4] "立院三讀《國家語言發展法》　公廣集團可設台語電視台". ltn.com.tw.

[5] "《國家語言發展法》立院三讀！政府得設台語專屬頻道". ltn.com.tw.

[6] 大眾運輸工具播音語言平等保障法

[7] Article 6 of the Standards for Identification of Basic Language Abilities and General Knowledge of the Rights and Duties of Naturalized Citizens Diarkibkan 2017-07-25 di Wayback Machine

[9] Table 6: Languages used at home for the resident nationals aged 6 years and over by gender and age, 2010 Population and Housing Census Diarkibkan 22 Februari 2015 di Wayback Machine, Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics (DGBAS), ROC (Taiwan).

[taiwansnapshot-10] "TAIWAN SNAPSHOT". Dicapai pada 15 March 2020. Languages Mandarin (Chinese), Holo (Taiwanese), Hakka, Austronesian languages

[taigi-12] "Taigi與台語". Liberty Times. Dicapai pada 10 August 2019.

[13] "Taiwan". Ethnologue. Prinicpal languages

[14] Dreyer, June Teufel (2003). "Taiwan's Evolving Identity". The Evolution of a Taiwanese National Identity (PDF). Asia Program Special Report. 114. Washington: Woodrow Wilson International Institute for Scholars. m/s. 4–10. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 2016-03-25. Dicapai pada 12 August 2016.

[15] "Chinese, Min Nan". Ethnologue (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2018-06-12.

[FOOTNOTESnow2004261-16] Snow (2004), m/s. 261.

[I]

[1]

[a]

[7]

[8]

[II]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]