Rusuhan pro-Rusia di Ukraine 2014 - Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas

2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine
2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine
Sebahagian daripada the aftermath of the 2014 Ukrainian revolution
	Map of protests by region, indicating severity of the unrest at its peak
Tarikh	23 February 2014–ongoing; (10 tahun, 7 bulan, 3 minggu dan 2 hari)
Lokasi	Eastern Ukraine; Southern Ukraine; Crimea
Punca	Opposition to the Euromaidan, 2014 Ukrainian revolution, and the composition of the transitional government; The Verkhovna Rada's vote on 23 February to repeal the language law that gave Russian the status of regional language;
Matlamat	Union with Russia; Transforming Ukraine into a federal state; Referendums on status for Eastern Ukraine and Southern Ukraine; Restoring Russian as an official language in Ukraine;
Kaedah	Protests; Armed insurgency; Occupation of administrative buildings; Referendums; Hostage taking;
Status	Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation; Insurgents take control of parts of Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts; Counter-offensive by government forces;
Pihak terlibat
Yatsenyuk Government Security Service of Ukraine; Ministry of Internal Affairs; Armed Forces of Ukraine; Euromaidan activists; Right Sector; Metinvest steelworkers; Donbass Battalion;	Pro-Russian activists Donetsk People's Republic; Lugansk People's Republic; New Russia; Donbass People's Militia; Army of the South-East; Patriotic Forces of Donbass[perlu rujukan] Vostok Battalion[perlu rujukan]; ; former Ukrainian police and military units that joined the rebels[perlu rujukan]; Volunteers from former Soviet Union republics[perlu rujukan]; Union of Mine Workers; Russian activists Russian Federation Armed Forces of Russia (in Crimea);
Korban
68 servicemen, 8 activists and 1–2 militants killed; 3 Mil Mi-24 , 2 Mil Mi-8 helicopters and 1 An-2 transport plane lost and 5 APCs destroyed; 9 APCs and 12 ships captured	91–157 militants and 44 activists killed 63 militants and 25 alleged Russian spies captured

Sejak Februari 2014, Rusuhan pro-Rusia di Ukraine 2014 meletus terutama oleh perusuh pro-Rusia dan anti kerajaan Ukraine. Rusuhan terjadi di kota-kota besar di seluruh timur dan selatan Ukraine ekoran Gerakan Euromaidan. Krimea di sebelah timur telah dikuasai oleh Rusia dan kebanyakan penduduk di sana memihak kepada Rusia.

Latar belakang

Ukraine berhadapan dengan kerusuhan sejak Presiden Ukraine Viktor Yanukovych menolak menandatangani perjanjian dengan Kesatuan Eropah pada 21 November 2013. Sebuah gerakan bernama 'Euromaidan' menuntut agar hubungan lebih erat dengan Kesatuan Eropah dan tersingkirnya Yanukovych. Akhirnya, gerakan berjaya dan puncaknya pada Revolusi Ukraine 2014, menghapuskan Yanukovych lantas menamatkan pemerintahannya. Namun, sebahagian besar penutur bahasa Rusia Timur dan Selatan Ukraine menentang revolusi dan menentang hubungan lebih dekat dengan Rusia. Pelbagai demonstrasi diadakan di Krimea mendesak agar Ukraine menjauhi Persekutuan Rusia dan menjurus kepada Krisis Krimea 2014 .

Pada 1 Mac 2014, banyak bangunan pentadbiran diduduki oleh para aktivis pro-Rusia. Di Donetsk, protes telah berubah menjadi kekerasan sehingga seorang pro-Ukraine ditikam sampai mati. Bukan semua peserta protes ialah warganegara Ukraine; sejumlah besar daripada mereka ialah warga Rusia. Gabenor Oblast Donetsk, Serhiy Taruta menuduh aksi tunjuk perasaan di Donetsk datang dari Krimea. Sejak 4 Mac, lebih daripada 8 200 orang tentera Rusia masuk ke sana sehingga 25 Mac.

Pada 17 April, Vladimir Putin memaklumkan tentang penghantaran tentera Rusia ke Crimea.

Bancian pendapat

Berikut ialah bancian tentang sokongan atau Pro Rusia di Ukraine. 41,0% Crimea 33,2% Donetsk Oblast 24,1% Luhansk Oblast 24,0% Odessa Oblast 16,7% Zaporizhia Oblast 15,1% Kharkiv Oblast 13,8% Dnipropetrovsk Oblast

Seramai 43% daripada etnik Rusia menyokong keputusan Rusia untuk mengirim tentera bagi melindungi warganegara berbahasa Rusia Ukraine. 22% daripada mereka menetap di Ukraine selatan, dan 26% daripada mereka berada di timur Ukraine.

Anti-Maidan dan Titushky

Orang-orang yang dikira anti-Maidan sebenarnya dibayar.^{[perlu rujukan]} Mereka merekrut para perusuh seharga $ 500 masing-masing untuk membantu dalam penyerbuan gedung-gedung pemerintah. Pada 13 April, Kementerian Dalam Negeri mendapati bahawa perusuh dibayar USD 500 untuk mengambil bahagian dalam serangan.^{[perlu rujukan]}

Krisis Krimea 2014

Sejak 26 Februari 2014, pasukan pro-Rusia menyokong Rusia dan Vladimir Putin masuk ke Semenanjung Krimea .Mereka mahu Krimea bergabung dengan Persekutuan Rusia. Tindakan itu pastinya ditentang oleh Kesatuan Eropah, Amerika Syarikat, dan Ukraine kerana bertentangan dengan perlembagaan Ukraine dan undang-undang antarabangsa. Pada 17 Mac, parlimen Krimea menyatakan kemerdekaan daripada Ukraine dan mahu bergabung dengan Persekutuan Rusia. Pada 18 Mac, Rusia dan Krimea menandatangani perjanjian kemasukan Republik Krimea dan Sevastopol ke Persekutuan Rusia. Pada 21 Mac, perjanjian aksesi disahkan dan pembentukan dua entiti di bawah perintah eksekutif dari Presiden Rusia. Majlis Umum PBB menyatakan bahawa referendum itu tidak sah dan dan penggabungan Crimea ke Rusia sebagai menyalahi undang-undang.

Pada 1 April, sekitar 3 000 orang telah melarikan diri. 80% daripada mereka yang melarikan diri ialah Tatar Krimea. Sekitar 10 000 orang telah melarikan diri.^{[Penjelasan diperlukan]}

Republik Rakyat Donetsk

Penunjuk rasa pro-Rusia menduduki pejabat pentadbiran Donetsk dari 1 hingga 6 Mac sebelum dihapuskan oleh pasukan keamanan Ukraine.

Rujukan

^ "Party of Regions, Communist Party banned in Ivano-Frankivsk and Ternopil regions". Kyiv Post. 27 January 2014. Dicapai pada 10 April 2014.
^ "Activity of Regions Party, Communist Party, Yanukovych's portraits banned in Drohobych". Kyiv Post. 21 February 2014. Dicapai pada 10 April 2014.
^ "Ukrainians protest against Russian language law". The Guardian. 4 July 2012. Dicapai pada 10 April 2014.
^ "Ukraine government pledges Russian language rights". Reuters. 18 April 2014. Dicapai pada 30 April 2014.
^ "Watch Your Tongue: Language Controversy One Of Fundamental Conflicts In Ukraine". International Business Times. 3 March 2014. Dicapai pada 30 April 2014.
^ "East Ukraine separatists seek union with Russia". BBC News. 12 May 2014. Dicapai pada 12 May 2014.
^ ^a ^b "Pro-Russia Protesters Storm Donetsk Offices". NBC News. 16 March 2014. Dicapai pada 17 March 2014.
^ ^a ^b "Ukraine's east on fire: Kharkov demands referendum, Donetsk prosecutor's HQ stormed". Russia Today. 16 March 2014. Dicapai pada 17 March 2014.
^ "Kharkiv regional council demands official status for Russian language". Interfax-Ukraine News Agency. 24 April 2014. Dicapai pada 25 April 2014.
^ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama control
^ Parubiy says anti-terrorist operation will continue as separatists in Luhansk, Donetsk reject Putin’s call to postpone referendum. Kyiv Post. 8 May 2014
^ In Sloviansk started the Anti-Terrorist Operation - Avakov. Ukrayinska Pravda. 13 April 2014
^ "How did Odessa's fire happen?". BBC News. 4 May 2014. Dicapai pada 11 May 2014.
^ "Dozens dead after Odessa building fire". The Guardian. 2 May 2014. Dicapai pada 11 May 2014.
^ "Workers Seize City in Eastern Ukraine From Separatists - NYTimes.com". web.archive.org. Dicapai pada 27 May 2014.
^ http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/donbas-special-battalion-in-control-of-parts-of-donetsk-region-348772.html
^ "Miners rally in favor of separatists in eastern Ukraine". Reuters. 2014-05-28. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2014-06-08. Dicapai pada 2014-04-29.
^ Karmanau, Yuras; Vladimir Isachenkov (17 April 2014). "Vladimir Putin admits for first time Russian troops took over Crimea, refuses to rule out intervention in Donetsk". National Post. Associated Press. Dicapai pada 10 May 2014.
^ 40 soldiers killed in East Ukraine (12 April – 22 May)[1] 2 paramilitaries and 1 policeman killed (9 May), [2] 2 soldiers killed in the Crimea, [3] Diarkibkan 2015-02-18 di Wayback Machine 5 paramilitaries and 1 soldier killed (23 May),[4] 1 soldier killed (25 May),[5] 2 policemen killed (27 May),[6] 14 soldiers killed (29 May),[7] total of 68 servicemen killed
^ "Police say 42 killed in Odessa in worst violence of Ukraine crisis". The Los Angeles Times. 2 May 2014. Dicapai pada 9 May 2014.
^ ^a ^b "Two Killed in Ukraine as Protesters Clash in Kharkiv". International Business Times. 15 March 2014. Dicapai pada 10 April 2014.
^ убитого крымского татарина звали Решат Аметов. Трое малолетних детей осиротели. ФОТО - Крым, Россия, татары, Украина, Агрессия России против Украины
^ Agencies (20 April 2014). "Deadly Ukraine gunbattle threatens fragile Easter truce". The Guardian.
^ "Ukraine helicopters shot down in Slovyansk". Al Jazeera.
^ "Ukraine helicopter hit by grenade taking off". Daily Telegraph. 25 April 2014. Dicapai pada 25 April 2014.
^ Rebel attack on Ukraine chopper kills 14 as Russia warns of war
^ "На аеродромі Краматорська згоріли вертоліт Мі-8 і літак Ан-2". BBC Ukraine. 25 April 2014. Dicapai pada 30 April 2014.
^ West warns Russia ahead of ‘illegal’ east Ukraine referendums
^ "'Eight killed' in ambush in east". BBC News. 13 May 2014. Dicapai pada 13 May 2014.
^ ^a ^b Burned houses, military vehicles remain after fierce fight in Luhansk Oblast that killed at least nine people on May 22
^ "Separatists humiliate Ukraine govt, take control of APCs". Dawn. Pakistan. 17 April 2014.
^ 1 killed in the Simferopol incident, 24–44 killed in the Siege of Sloviansk, 5–12 killed in the Kramatorsk standoff, 9–23 killed in the Mariupol standoff, 45–57 killed in other Donetsk incidents, 7–20 killed in other Lugansk incidents, total of 91–157 reported killed
^ "Moscow accused over riot that killed 40 pro-Russians". The Herald. 5 May 2014. Dicapai pada 9 May 2014.
^ Unrest in Crimea leaves 2 dead; government buildings seized
^ "Deadly clashes at Ukraine port base as leaders meet". bbc.co.uk. 17 April 2014. Dicapai pada 17 April 2014.
^ "На территории Украины официально подтверждено задержание 25 диверсантов – Смешко : Новости УНИАН". Unian.net. 24 April 2014. Dicapai pada 28 April 2014.

[1] "Party of Regions, Communist Party banned in Ivano-Frankivsk and Ternopil regions". Kyiv Post. 27 January 2014. Dicapai pada 10 April 2014.

[2] "Activity of Regions Party, Communist Party, Yanukovych's portraits banned in Drohobych". Kyiv Post. 21 February 2014. Dicapai pada 10 April 2014.

[Guardian4Jul2012-3] "Ukrainians protest against Russian language law". The Guardian. 4 July 2012. Dicapai pada 10 April 2014.

[4] "Ukraine government pledges Russian language rights". Reuters. 18 April 2014. Dicapai pada 30 April 2014.

[5] "Watch Your Tongue: Language Controversy One Of Fundamental Conflicts In Ukraine". International Business Times. 3 March 2014. Dicapai pada 30 April 2014.

[6] "East Ukraine separatists seek union with Russia". BBC News. 12 May 2014. Dicapai pada 12 May 2014.

[march16nbc-7] "Pro-Russia Protesters Storm Donetsk Offices". NBC News. 16 March 2014. Dicapai pada 17 March 2014.

[march16rt-8] "Ukraine's east on fire: Kharkov demands referendum, Donetsk prosecutor's HQ stormed". Russia Today. 16 March 2014. Dicapai pada 17 March 2014.

[kharkivrulang-9] "Kharkiv regional council demands official status for Russian language". Interfax-Ukraine News Agency. 24 April 2014. Dicapai pada 25 April 2014.

[control-10] Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama control

[11] Parubiy says anti-terrorist operation will continue as separatists in Luhansk, Donetsk reject Putin’s call to postpone referendum. Kyiv Post. 8 May 2014

[12] In Sloviansk started the Anti-Terrorist Operation - Avakov. Ukrayinska Pravda. 13 April 2014

[13] "How did Odessa's fire happen?". BBC News. 4 May 2014. Dicapai pada 11 May 2014.

[14] "Dozens dead after Odessa building fire". The Guardian. 2 May 2014. Dicapai pada 11 May 2014.

[nytimes3-15] "Workers Seize City in Eastern Ukraine From Separatists - NYTimes.com". web.archive.org. Dicapai pada 27 May 2014.

[16] ttp://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/donbas-special-battalion-in-control-of-parts-of-donetsk-region-348772.html

[17] "Miners rally in favor of separatists in eastern Ukraine". Reuters. 2014-05-28. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2014-06-08. Dicapai pada 2014-04-29.

[np-18] Karmanau, Yuras; Vladimir Isachenkov (17 April 2014). "Vladimir Putin admits for first time Russian troops took over Crimea, refuses to rule out intervention in Donetsk". National Post. Associated Press. Dicapai pada 10 May 2014.

[19] 40 soldiers killed in East Ukraine (12 April – 22 May)[1] 2 paramilitaries and 1 policeman killed (9 May), [2] 2 soldiers killed in the Crimea, [3] Diarkibkan 2015-02-18 di Wayback Machine 5 paramilitaries and 1 soldier killed (23 May),[4] 1 soldier killed (25 May),[5] 2 policemen killed (27 May),[6] 14 soldiers killed (29 May),[7] total of 68 servicemen killed

[LAdead-20] "Police say 42 killed in Odessa in worst violence of Ukraine crisis". The Los Angeles Times. 2 May 2014. Dicapai pada 9 May 2014.

[UkraineNationalists-21] "Two Killed in Ukraine as Protesters Clash in Kharkiv". International Business Times. 15 March 2014. Dicapai pada 10 April 2014.

[22] убитого крымского татарина звали Решат Аметов. Трое малолетних детей осиротели. ФОТО - Крым, Россия, татары, Украина, Агрессия России против Украины

[20140420theguardian-23] Agencies (20 April 2014). "Deadly Ukraine gunbattle threatens fragile Easter truce". The Guardian.

[helicopters-24] "Ukraine helicopters shot down in Slovyansk". Al Jazeera.

[25] "Ukraine helicopter hit by grenade taking off". Daily Telegraph. 25 April 2014. Dicapai pada 25 April 2014.

[26] Rebel attack on Ukraine chopper kills 14 as Russia warns of war

[27] "На аеродромі Краматорська згоріли вертоліт Мі-8 і літак Ан-2". BBC Ukraine. 25 April 2014. Dicapai pada 30 April 2014.

[28] West warns Russia ahead of ‘illegal’ east Ukraine referendums

[29] "'Eight killed' in ambush in east". BBC News. 13 May 2014. Dicapai pada 13 May 2014.

[burned-30] Burned houses, military vehicles remain after fierce fight in Luhansk Oblast that killed at least nine people on May 22

[20140417dawn-31] "Separatists humiliate Ukraine govt, take control of APCs". Dawn. Pakistan. 17 April 2014.

[32] 1 killed in the Simferopol incident, 24–44 killed in the Siege of Sloviansk, 5–12 killed in the Kramatorsk standoff, 9–23 killed in the Mariupol standoff, 45–57 killed in other Donetsk incidents, 7–20 killed in other Lugansk incidents, total of 91–157 reported killed

[H40-33] "Moscow accused over riot that killed 40 pro-Russians". The Herald. 5 May 2014. Dicapai pada 9 May 2014.

[34] Unrest in Crimea leaves 2 dead; government buildings seized

[bbc_clashes-35] "Deadly clashes at Ukraine port base as leaders meet". bbc.co.uk. 17 April 2014. Dicapai pada 17 April 2014.

[36] "На территории Украины официально подтверждено задержание 25 диверсантов – Смешко : Новости УНИАН". Unian.net. 24 April 2014. Dicapai pada 28 April 2014.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]