Lars Onsager - Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas

Lars Onsager
Lars Onsager
	Lars Onsager (1968)
Kelahiran	27 November 1903; Kristiania (Oslo), Norway
Meninggal dunia	Oktober 5, 1976 (umur 72); Coral Gables, Florida, A.S.
Warganegara	Norway, U.S.
Pusat pendidikan	Universiti Yale; Universiti Sains dan Teknologi Norway;
Terkenal kerana	Fungsi Onsager–Machlup; Hubungan timbal balik Onsager, the exact solution to the two-dimensional Ising model and for revealing the physics behind the De Haas–van Alphen effect;
Anugerah	Pingat Lorentz (1958); Anugerah Willard Gibbs (1962); Anugerah Peter Debye (1965); Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia (1968); Pingat Sains Kebangsaan (1968); ForMemRS (1975);
	Kerjaya saintifik
Bidang	Kimia fizik
Institusi	ETH Zürich; Universiti Johns Hopkins; Universiti Brown; Universiti Yale; Universiti Miami;
Pelajar kedoktoran	Joseph L. McCauley

Lars Onsager (27 November 1903 – 5 Oktober 1976) ialah seorang ahli kimia fizikal dan ahli fizik teori Norway-Amerika. Beliau memegang Profesor Gibbs Kimia Teorit di Universiti Yale. Beliau dianugerahkan Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia pada tahun 1968.^[3]^[4]^[5]

Pendidikan dan kehidupan awal

Lars Onsager dilahirkan di Kristiania (sekarang Oslo), Norway. Bapanya seorang peguam. Selepas menamatkan sekolah menengah di Oslo, beliau menghadiri Institut Teknologi Norway (NTH) di Trondheim, menamatkan pengajian sebagai jurutera kimia pada tahun 1925.

Kerjaya dan penyelidikan

Pada tahun 1925 beliau tiba di pembetulan teori Debye-Hückel mengenai penyelesaian elektrolitik, untuk menentukan pergerakan ion-ion Brown dalam larutan, dan pada 1926 menerbitkannya. Beliau pergi ke Zürich, di mana Peter Debye mengajar, dan berhadapan dengan Debye, memberitahunya teorinya salah. Beliau amat kagum dengan Debye sehingga dijemput untuk menjadi pembantunya Debye di Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), di mana beliau kekal sehingga 1928.^[6]

Rujukan

^ Constitutions of matter : mathematically modelling the most everyday of physical phenomena by Martin H. Krieger, University of Chicago Press, 1996. ISBN 0-226-45304-9 Contains a detailed pedagogical discussion of Onsager's solution of the phase transition of the 2-D Ising model.
^ Longuet-Higgins, H. C.; Fisher, M. E. (1978). "Lars Onsager. 27 November 1903-5 October 1976". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 24 (0): 443–471. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1978.0014. ISSN 0080-4606.
^ Montroll, Elliott W. (February 1977). "Lars Onsager". Physics Today. 30 (2): 77. Bibcode:1977PhT....30b..77M. doi:10.1063/1.3037438. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2013-09-28. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (bantuan)
^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968". Nobelprize.org. Dicapai pada 2016-03-07.
^ Per Chr Hemmer (penyunting). World Scientific Series in 20th Century Physics: Volume 17 : The Collected Works of Lars Onsager. Worldscientific.com. Dicapai pada 2016-03-07.
^ "Lars Onsager - Biographical". Nobelprize.org. Dicapai pada 2016-03-07.

Pautan luar

[1] Constitutions of matter : mathematically modelling the most everyday of physical phenomena by Martin H. Krieger, University of Chicago Press, 1996. ISBN 0-226-45304-9 Contains a detailed pedagogical discussion of Onsager's solution of the phase transition of the 2-D Ising model.

[formemrs-2] Longuet-Higgins, H. C.; Fisher, M. E. (1978). "Lars Onsager. 27 November 1903-5 October 1976". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 24 (0): 443–471. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1978.0014. ISSN 0080-4606.

[3] Montroll, Elliott W. (February 1977). "Lars Onsager". Physics Today. 30 (2): 77. Bibcode:1977PhT....30b..77M. doi:10.1063/1.3037438. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2013-09-28. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (bantuan)

[4] "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968". Nobelprize.org. Dicapai pada 2016-03-07.

[5] Per Chr Hemmer (penyunting). World Scientific Series in 20th Century Physics: Volume 17 : The Collected Works of Lars Onsager. Worldscientific.com. Dicapai pada 2016-03-07.

[6] "Lars Onsager - Biographical". Nobelprize.org. Dicapai pada 2016-03-07.

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l b s Penerima Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia
1901–1925	1901 Jacobus van 't Hoff 1902 Emil Fischer 1903 Svante Arrhenius 1904 William Ramsay 1905 Adolf von Baeyer 1906 Henri Moissan 1907 Eduard Buchner 1908 Ernest Rutherford 1909 Wilhelm Ostwald 1910 Otto Wallach 1911 Marie Curie 1912 Victor Grignard / Paul Sabatier 1913 Alfred Werner 1914 Theodore Richards 1915 Richard Willstätter 1916 1917 1918 Fritz Haber 1919 1920 Walther Nernst 1921 Frederick Soddy 1922 Francis Aston 1923 Fritz Pregl 1924 1925 Richard Zsigmondy
1926–1950	1926 Theodor Svedberg 1927 Heinrich Wieland 1928 Adolf Windaus 1929 Arthur Harden / Hans von Euler-Chelpin 1930 Hans Fischer 1931 Carl Bosch / Friedrich Bergius 1932 Irving Langmuir 1933 1934 Harold Urey 1935 Frédéric Joliot-Curie / Irène Joliot-Curie 1936 Peter Debye 1937 Norman Haworth / Paul Karrer 1938 Richard Kuhn 1939 Adolf Butenandt / Leopold Ružička 1940 1941 1942 1943 George de Hevesy 1944 Otto Hahn 1945 Artturi Virtanen 1946 James B. Sumner / John Northrop / Wendell Meredith Stanley 1947 Robert Robinson 1948 Arne Tiselius 1949 William Giauque 1950 Otto Diels / Kurt Alder
1951–1975	1951 Edwin McMillan / Glenn T. Seaborg 1952 Archer Martin / Richard Synge 1953 Hermann Staudinger 1954 Linus Pauling 1955 Vincent du Vigneaud 1956 Cyril Hinshelwood / Nikolay Semyonov 1957 Alexander Todd 1958 Frederick Sanger 1959 Jaroslav Heyrovský 1960 Willard Libby 1961 Melvin Calvin 1962 Max Perutz / John Kendrew 1963 Karl Ziegler / Giulio Natta 1964 Dorothy Hodgkin 1965 Robert Woodward 1966 Robert S. Mulliken 1967 Manfred Eigen / Ronald Norrish / George Porter 1968 Lars Onsager 1969 Derek Barton / Odd Hassel 1970 Luis Federico Leloir 1971 Gerhard Herzberg 1972 Christian B. Anfinsen / Stanford Moore / William Stein 1973 Ernst Otto Fischer / Geoffrey Wilkinson 1974 Paul Flory 1975 John Cornforth / Vladimir Prelog
1976–2000	1976 William Lipscomb 1977 Ilya Prigogine 1978 Peter D. Mitchell 1979 Herbert C. Brown / Georg Wittig 1980 Paul Berg / Walter Gilbert / Frederick Sanger 1981 Kenichi Fukui / Roald Hoffmann 1982 Aaron Klug 1983 Henry Taube 1984 Robert Merrifield 1985 Herbert A. Hauptman / Jerome Karle 1986 Dudley R. Herschbach / Yuan T. Lee / John Polanyi 1987 Donald J. Cram / Jean-Marie Lehn / Charles J. Pedersen 1988 Johann Deisenhofer / Robert Huber / Hartmut Michel 1989 Sidney Altman / Thomas Cech 1990 Elias Corey 1991 Richard R. Ernst 1992 Rudolph A. Marcus 1993 Kary Mullis / Michael Smith 1994 George Olah 1995 Paul J. Crutzen / Mario J. Molina / F. Sherwood Rowland 1996 Robert Curl / Harold Kroto / Richard Smalley 1997 Paul D. Boyer / John E. Walker / Jens Christian Skou 1998 Walter Kohn / John Pople 1999 Ahmed Zewail 2000 Alan J. Heeger / Alan MacDiarmid / Hideki Shirakawa
2001–kini	2001 William Knowles / Ryoji Noyori / K. Barry Sharpless 2002 John B. Fenn / Koichi Tanaka / Kurt Wüthrich 2003 Peter Agre / Roderick MacKinnon 2004 Aaron Ciechanover / Avram Hershko / Irwin Rose 2005 Robert H. Grubbs / Richard R. Schrock / Yves Chauvin 2006 Roger D. Kornberg 2007 Gerhard Ertl 2008 Osamu Shimomura / Martin Chalfie / Roger Y. Tsien 2009 Venkatraman Ramakrishnan / Thomas A. Steitz / Ada E. Yonath 2010 Richard F. Heck / Akira Suzuki / Ei-ichi Negishi 2011 Dan Shechtman 2012 Robert Lefkowitz / Brian Kobilka 2013 Martin Karplus / Michael Levitt / Arieh Warshel 2014 Eric Betzig / Stefan Hell / William E. Moerner 2015 Tomas Lindahl / Paul L. Modrich / Aziz Sancar 2016 Jean-Pierre Sauvage / Fraser Stoddart / Ben Feringa 2017 Jacques Dubochet / Joachim Frank / Richard Henderson 2018 Frances Arnold / Greg Winter / George Smith 2019 John B. Goodenough / M. Stanley Whittingham / Akira Yoshino 2020 Emmanuelle Charpentier / Jennifer Doudna 2021 Benjamin List / David MacMillan 2022 Carolyn R. Bertozzi / Morten P. Meldal / Karl Barry Sharpless

Kawalan kewibawaan
Umum	ISNI 1 VIAF 1 WorldCat (melalui VIAF)
Perpustakaan negara	Norway Perancis (data) Jerman Itali Israel Amerika Syarikat Jepun Republik Czech Belanda
Kamus biografi	Jerman
Pangkalan data saintifik	CiNii (Jepun) MathSciNet Projek Genealogi Matematik Pengarang Scopus zbMATH
Lain-lain	Aplikasi Berfaset Terminologi Subjek Rangkaian Sosial dan Konteks Arkib SUDOC (Perancis) 1 Trove (Australia) 1

Lars Onsager
Lars Onsager (1968)
Kelahiran	(1903-11-27)27 November 1903 Kristiania (Oslo), Norway
Meninggal dunia	Oktober 5, 1976(1976-10-05) (umur 72) Coral Gables, Florida, A.S.
Warganegara	Norway, U.S.
Pusat pendidikan	Universiti Yale Universiti Sains dan Teknologi Norway
Terkenal kerana	Fungsi Onsager–Machlup Hubungan timbal balik Onsager, the exact solution to the two-dimensional Ising model and for revealing the physics behind the De Haas–van Alphen effect ^[1]
Anugerah	Pingat Lorentz (1958) Anugerah Willard Gibbs (1962) Anugerah Peter Debye (1965) Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia (1968) Pingat Sains Kebangsaan (1968) ForMemRS (1975)^[2]
Kerjaya saintifik
Bidang	Kimia fizik
Institusi	ETH Zürich Universiti Johns Hopkins Universiti Brown Universiti Yale Universiti Miami
Pelajar kedoktoran	Joseph L. McCauley