Fraser Stoddart - Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas

Sir Fraser Stoddart
Sir Fraser Stoddart
	Stoddart di sidang akhbar Nobel di Stockholm, Sweden, Disember 2016
Kelahiran	James Fraser Stoddart; 24 Mei 1942 (umur 82); Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
Warganegara	British
Kerakyatan	Amerika Syarikat
Pusat pendidikan	Universiti Edinburgh
Terkenal kerana	Mechanically interlocked molecular architectures (MIMAs)
Pasangan	Norma Agnes Scholan (k. 1968; her death 2004)
Anak-anak	2
Anugerah	Fellow of the Royal Society (1990); Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (2008); Knight Bachelor (2007); Albert Einstein World Award of Science (2007); Davy Medal (2008); Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2016);
	Kerjaya saintifik
Bidang	Supramolecular chemistry
Institusi	Queen's University (1967–70); Universiti Sheffield (1970–1990); Universiti Birmingham (1990–1997); Universiti California, Los Angeles (1997–2008); Northwestern University (2008– ); Universiti New South Wales (2019– )
Theses	Studies on plant gums of the Acacia group (1967); Some adventures in stereochemistry (1980);
Penasihat kedoktoran	Edmund Langley Hirst; D M W Anderson;
Pelajar kedoktoran	David Leigh
Laman web rasmi	stoddart.northwestern.edu

Sir James Fraser Stoddart FRS FRSE FRSC (dilahirkan pada 24 Mei 1942) ialah seorang ahli kimia Scotland yang merupakan Lembaga Pemegang Amanah Profesor Kimia dan ketua Stoddart Mekanosokimia Kumpulan di Jabatan Kimia di Universiti Northwestern di Amerika Syarikat.^[6] Beliau bekerja di bidang kimia supramolekul dan nanoteknologi. Stoddart telah membangunkan sintesis yang sangat cekap bagi seni bina molekul mekanik yang saling berkait seperti cincin Borromean molekular, catenanes dan rotaxan menggunakan pengiktirafan molekul dan proses perakam sendiri molekul. Beliau telah menunjukkan bahawa topologi ini boleh digunakan sebagai suis molekul.^[7] Kumpulan beliau bahkan telah menggunakan struktur ini dalam pembuatan alat nanoelektronik dan sistem nanoelektromekanik (NEMS).^[8] Usaha beliau telah diiktiraf oleh pelbagai anugerah termasuk Raja Antarabangsa Faisal International Award dalam Sains.^[9]^[10] Beliau berkongsi Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia bersama Ben Feringa dan Jean-Pierre Sauvage pada 2016 untuk reka bentuk dan sintesis mesin molekul.^[3]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]

Rujukan

^ "Norma Stoddart (Obituary)". The Scotsman. 16 February 2004. Dicapai pada 27 May 2016.
^ Anon (1994). "Sir James Stoddart FRS". royalsociety.org. London: Royal Society. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2016-08-15. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where:
All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License." --"Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 25 September 2015. Dicapai pada 9 Mac 2016. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (bantuan)
^ ^a ^b Staff (5 October 2016). "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016". Nobel Foundation. Dicapai pada 5 October 2016.
^ ^a ^b "James Fraser Stoddart: Curriculum Vitae, Full Version" (PDF). stoddart.northwestern.edu. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 2016-10-05. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (bantuan)
^ "2009 winner of the RSC Merck Award". Royal Society of Chemistry. Dicapai pada 6 October 2016.
^ "Nanotechnology Star Fraser Stoddart to Join Northwestern". NewsCenter. Northwestern University. 2007-08-16.
^ A. Coskun, M. Banaszak, RD Astumian, JF Stoddart, BA Grzybowski, Chem. Soc. Wah , 2012, 41, 19-30
^ A. Coskun, JM Spruell, G. Barin, WR Dichtel, AH Flood, YY Botros, JF Stoddart. Chem. Soc. Wah , 2012 , 41 (14), 4827-59.
^ "Stoddart Wins King Faisal International Prize". Chemical & Engineering News. 85 (12): 71. 19 March 2007. Dicapai pada 26 May 2016.
^ "Fraser Stoddart is awarded the 2007 King Faisal International Prize for Science". California NanoSystems Institute. 17 January 2007. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 10 February 2007. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (bantuan)
^ Chang, Kenneth; Chan, Sewell (5 October 2016). "3 Makers of 'World's Smallest Machines' Awarded Nobel Prize in Chemistry". New York Times. Dicapai pada 5 October 2016.
^ Davis, Nicola; Sample, Ian (2016-10-05). "live". the Guardian. Dicapai pada 2016-10-05.
^ Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia 2016
^ Van Noorden, Richard; Castelvecchi, Davide (2016). "World's tiniest machines win chemistry Nobel". Nature. 538 (7624): 152–153. Bibcode:2016Natur.538..152V. doi:10.1038/nature.2016.20734. PMID 27734892.

[Scotsman-1] "Norma Stoddart (Obituary)". The Scotsman. 16 February 2004. Dicapai pada 27 May 2016.

[frs-2] Anon (1994). "Sir James Stoddart FRS". royalsociety.org. London: Royal Society. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2016-08-15. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where:
All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License." --"Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 25 September 2015. Dicapai pada 9 Mac 2016. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (bantuan)

[NP-20161005-3] Staff (5 October 2016). "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016". Nobel Foundation. Dicapai pada 5 October 2016.

[cv-4] "James Fraser Stoddart: Curriculum Vitae, Full Version" (PDF). stoddart.northwestern.edu. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 2016-10-05. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (bantuan)

[5] "2009 winner of the RSC Merck Award". Royal Society of Chemistry. Dicapai pada 6 October 2016.

[6] "Nanotechnology Star Fraser Stoddart to Join Northwestern". NewsCenter. Northwestern University. 2007-08-16.

[7] A. Coskun, M. Banaszak, RD Astumian, JF Stoddart, BA Grzybowski, Chem. Soc. Wah , 2012, 41, 19-30

[8] A. Coskun, JM Spruell, G. Barin, WR Dichtel, AH Flood, YY Botros, JF Stoddart. Chem. Soc. Wah , 2012 , 41 (14), 4827-59.

[Faisal-9] "Stoddart Wins King Faisal International Prize". Chemical & Engineering News. 85 (12): 71. 19 March 2007. Dicapai pada 26 May 2016.

[CNANOI-10] "Fraser Stoddart is awarded the 2007 King Faisal International Prize for Science". California NanoSystems Institute. 17 January 2007. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 10 February 2007. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (bantuan)

[NYT-20161005-11] Chang, Kenneth; Chan, Sewell (5 October 2016). "3 Makers of 'World's Smallest Machines' Awarded Nobel Prize in Chemistry". New York Times. Dicapai pada 5 October 2016.

[Davis_Sample_2016-12] Davis, Nicola; Sample, Ian (2016-10-05). "live". the Guardian. Dicapai pada 2016-10-05.

[13] Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia 2016

[Van_NoordenCastelvecchi2016-14] Van Noorden, Richard; Castelvecchi, Davide (2016). "World's tiniest machines win chemistry Nobel". Nature. 538 (7624): 152–153. Bibcode:2016Natur.538..152V. doi:10.1038/nature.2016.20734. PMID 27734892.

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l b s Penerima Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia
1901–1925	1901 Jacobus van 't Hoff 1902 Emil Fischer 1903 Svante Arrhenius 1904 William Ramsay 1905 Adolf von Baeyer 1906 Henri Moissan 1907 Eduard Buchner 1908 Ernest Rutherford 1909 Wilhelm Ostwald 1910 Otto Wallach 1911 Marie Curie 1912 Victor Grignard / Paul Sabatier 1913 Alfred Werner 1914 Theodore Richards 1915 Richard Willstätter 1916 1917 1918 Fritz Haber 1919 1920 Walther Nernst 1921 Frederick Soddy 1922 Francis Aston 1923 Fritz Pregl 1924 1925 Richard Zsigmondy
1926–1950	1926 Theodor Svedberg 1927 Heinrich Wieland 1928 Adolf Windaus 1929 Arthur Harden / Hans von Euler-Chelpin 1930 Hans Fischer 1931 Carl Bosch / Friedrich Bergius 1932 Irving Langmuir 1933 1934 Harold Urey 1935 Frédéric Joliot-Curie / Irène Joliot-Curie 1936 Peter Debye 1937 Norman Haworth / Paul Karrer 1938 Richard Kuhn 1939 Adolf Butenandt / Leopold Ružička 1940 1941 1942 1943 George de Hevesy 1944 Otto Hahn 1945 Artturi Virtanen 1946 James B. Sumner / John Northrop / Wendell Meredith Stanley 1947 Robert Robinson 1948 Arne Tiselius 1949 William Giauque 1950 Otto Diels / Kurt Alder
1951–1975	1951 Edwin McMillan / Glenn T. Seaborg 1952 Archer Martin / Richard Synge 1953 Hermann Staudinger 1954 Linus Pauling 1955 Vincent du Vigneaud 1956 Cyril Hinshelwood / Nikolay Semyonov 1957 Alexander Todd 1958 Frederick Sanger 1959 Jaroslav Heyrovský 1960 Willard Libby 1961 Melvin Calvin 1962 Max Perutz / John Kendrew 1963 Karl Ziegler / Giulio Natta 1964 Dorothy Hodgkin 1965 Robert Woodward 1966 Robert S. Mulliken 1967 Manfred Eigen / Ronald Norrish / George Porter 1968 Lars Onsager 1969 Derek Barton / Odd Hassel 1970 Luis Federico Leloir 1971 Gerhard Herzberg 1972 Christian B. Anfinsen / Stanford Moore / William Stein 1973 Ernst Otto Fischer / Geoffrey Wilkinson 1974 Paul Flory 1975 John Cornforth / Vladimir Prelog
1976–2000	1976 William Lipscomb 1977 Ilya Prigogine 1978 Peter D. Mitchell 1979 Herbert C. Brown / Georg Wittig 1980 Paul Berg / Walter Gilbert / Frederick Sanger 1981 Kenichi Fukui / Roald Hoffmann 1982 Aaron Klug 1983 Henry Taube 1984 Robert Merrifield 1985 Herbert A. Hauptman / Jerome Karle 1986 Dudley R. Herschbach / Yuan T. Lee / John Polanyi 1987 Donald J. Cram / Jean-Marie Lehn / Charles J. Pedersen 1988 Johann Deisenhofer / Robert Huber / Hartmut Michel 1989 Sidney Altman / Thomas Cech 1990 Elias Corey 1991 Richard R. Ernst 1992 Rudolph A. Marcus 1993 Kary Mullis / Michael Smith 1994 George Olah 1995 Paul J. Crutzen / Mario J. Molina / F. Sherwood Rowland 1996 Robert Curl / Harold Kroto / Richard Smalley 1997 Paul D. Boyer / John E. Walker / Jens Christian Skou 1998 Walter Kohn / John Pople 1999 Ahmed Zewail 2000 Alan J. Heeger / Alan MacDiarmid / Hideki Shirakawa
2001–kini	2001 William Knowles / Ryoji Noyori / K. Barry Sharpless 2002 John B. Fenn / Koichi Tanaka / Kurt Wüthrich 2003 Peter Agre / Roderick MacKinnon 2004 Aaron Ciechanover / Avram Hershko / Irwin Rose 2005 Robert H. Grubbs / Richard R. Schrock / Yves Chauvin 2006 Roger D. Kornberg 2007 Gerhard Ertl 2008 Osamu Shimomura / Martin Chalfie / Roger Y. Tsien 2009 Venkatraman Ramakrishnan / Thomas A. Steitz / Ada E. Yonath 2010 Richard F. Heck / Akira Suzuki / Ei-ichi Negishi 2011 Dan Shechtman 2012 Robert Lefkowitz / Brian Kobilka 2013 Martin Karplus / Michael Levitt / Arieh Warshel 2014 Eric Betzig / Stefan Hell / William E. Moerner 2015 Tomas Lindahl / Paul L. Modrich / Aziz Sancar 2016 Jean-Pierre Sauvage / Fraser Stoddart / Ben Feringa 2017 Jacques Dubochet / Joachim Frank / Richard Henderson 2018 Frances Arnold / Greg Winter / George Smith 2019 John B. Goodenough / M. Stanley Whittingham / Akira Yoshino 2020 Emmanuelle Charpentier / Jennifer Doudna 2021 Benjamin List / David MacMillan 2022 Carolyn R. Bertozzi / Morten P. Meldal / Karl Barry Sharpless

Kawalan kewibawaan
Umum	ISNI 1 ORCID 1 VIAF 1 WorldCat (melalui VIAF)
Perpustakaan negara	Norway Perancis (data) Jerman Israel Amerika Syarikat Latvia Republik Czech Belanda Poland
Pangkalan data saintifik	CiNii (Jepun) DBLP (sains komputer) ResearcherID Pengarang Scopus
Lain-lain	Aplikasi Berfaset Terminologi Subjek Rangkaian Sosial dan Konteks Arkib SUDOC (Perancis) 1

Sir Fraser Stoddart
Stoddart di sidang akhbar Nobel di Stockholm, Sweden, Disember 2016
Kelahiran	James Fraser Stoddart (1942-05-24) 24 Mei 1942 (umur 82) Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
Warganegara	British
Kerakyatan	Amerika Syarikat
Pusat pendidikan	Universiti Edinburgh
Terkenal kerana	Mechanically interlocked molecular architectures (MIMAs)
Pasangan	Norma Agnes Scholan (k. 1968; her death 2004)^[1]
Anak-anak	2
Anugerah	Fellow of the Royal Society (1990)^[2] Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (2008) Knight Bachelor (2007) Albert Einstein World Award of Science (2007) Davy Medal (2008) Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2016)^[3]
Kerjaya saintifik
Bidang	Supramolecular chemistry
Institusi	Queen's University (1967–70) Universiti Sheffield (1970–1990) Universiti Birmingham (1990–1997) Universiti California, Los Angeles (1997–2008) Northwestern University (2008– ) Universiti New South Wales (2019– )
Theses	Studies on plant gums of the Acacia group (1967) Some adventures in stereochemistry (1980)
Penasihat kedoktoran	Edmund Langley Hirst^[4] D M W Anderson^[4]
Pelajar kedoktoran	David Leigh^[5]

Laman web rasmi	stoddart.northwestern.edu