Rambanan, ramban atau foraj ialah bahan tumbuhan (terutama batang dan daun) yang dimakan oleh ternakan ragut.[1] Menurut sejarah, istilah foraj hanya merujuk kepada tumbuhan yang dimakan langsung oleh binatang sebagai rumput ternak, sisa tanaman, atau tanaman bijirin yang belum matang, tetapi ia turut digunakan dengan lebih longgar mencakup tumbuhan serupa yang dipotong sebagai pakan dan dibawa kepada binatang, khususnya berbentuk jerami dan silaj.[2]
Ramban biasa
Rumput
- Agrostis spp. – bentgrasses
- Agrostis capillaris – common bentgrass
- Agrostis stolonifera – creeping bentgrass
- Andropogon hallii – sand bluestem
- Arrhenatherum elatius – false oat-grass
- Bothriochloa bladhii – Australian bluestem
- Bothriochloa pertusa – hurricane grass
- Brachiaria decumbens – Surinam grass
- Brachiaria humidicola – koronivia grass
- Bromus spp. – bromegrasses
- Cenchrus ciliaris – buffelgrass
- Chloris gayana – Rhodes grass
- Cynodon dactylon – bermudagrass
- Dactylis glomerata – orchard grass
- Echinochloa pyramidalis – antelope grass
- Entolasia imbricata – bungoma grass
- Festuca spp. – fescues
- Festuca arundinacea – tall fescue
- Festuca pratensis – meadow fescue
- Festuca rubra – red fescue
- Heteropogon contortus – black spear grass
- Hymenachne amplexicaulis – West Indian marsh grass
- Hyparrhenia rufa – jaragua
- Leersia hexandra – southern cutgrass
- Lolium spp. – ryegrasses
- Lolium multiflorum – Italian ryegrass
- Lolium perenne – perennial ryegrass
- Megathyrsus maximus – Guinea grass
- Melinis minutiflora – molasses grass
- Paspalum conjugatum – carabao grass
- Paspalum dilatatum – dallisgrass
- Phalaris arundinacea – reed canarygrass
- Phleum pratense – timothy
- Poa spp. – bluegrasses, meadow-grasses
- Poa arachnifera – Texas bluegrass
- Poa pratensis – Kentucky bluegrass
- Poa trivialis – rough bluegrass
- Setaria sphacelata – African bristlegrass
- Themeda triandra – kangaroo grass
- Thinopyrum intermedium – intermediate wheatgrass
Kekacang herba
Ramban kekacang herba termasuk:[5]
- Arachis pintoi – pinto peanut
- Astragalus cicer – cicer milkvetch
- Chamaecrista rotundifolia – roundleaf sensitive pea
- Clitoria ternatea – butterfly-pea
- Kummerowia – annual lespedezas
- Kummerowia stipulacea – Korean clover, Korean lespedeza
- Kummerowia striata – Japanese clover, common lespedeza
- Lotus corniculatus – bird's-foot trefoil
- Macroptilium atropurpureum – purple bush-bean
- Macroptilium bracteatum – burgundy bean
- Medicago spp. – medics
- Medicago sativa – alfalfa, lucerne
- Medicago truncatula – barrel medic
- Melilotus spp. – sweetclovers
- Neonotonia wightii – perennial soybean
- Onobrychis viciifolia – common sainfoin
- Stylosanthes spp. – stylo
- Stylosanthes humilis – Townsville stylo
- Stylosanthes scabra – shrubby stylo
- Trifolium spp. – clovers
- Trifolium hybridum – alsike clover
- Trifolium incarnatum – crimson clover
- Trifolium pratense – red clover
- Trifolium repens – white clover
- Vicia spp. – vetches
- Vicia articulata – oneflower vetch
- Vicia ervilia – bitter vetch
- Vicia narbonensis – narbon vetch
- Vicia sativa – common vetch, tare
- Vicia villosa – hairy vetch
- Vigna parkeri – creeping vigna
Kekacang pohon
Ramban kekacang pohon termasuk:
- Acacia aneura – mulga
- Albizia spp. – silk trees
- Albizia canescens – Belmont siris
- Albizia lebbeck – lebbeck
- Enterolobium cyclocarpum – earpodtree
- Leucaena leucocephala – leadtree
Silaj
Silaj boleh terdiri daripada yang berikut:[6]
Pakan akuatik
- Lemna minor – Duckweed
- Pistia stratiotes – Water lecttuce
- Eichhornia crassipes – Water hyacinth
- Salvinia molesta – fern
- Ipomoea aquatica – Water spinach
Sisa tanaman
Sisa tanaman yang digunakan sebagai ramban termasuk:
- Betari
- Sulur ubi keledek
- Jagung atau soya
- Batang sampingan pokok buah-buahan
Lain-lain
- Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus – lobak putih/"lobak ramban"[7]
Rujukan
- ^ Fageria, N.K. (1997). Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Field Crops. NY, NY: Marcel Dekker. m/s. 595.
- ^ Fageria, N.K. (1997). Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Field Crops. NY, NY: Marcel Dekker. m/s. 583.
- ^ Murphy, B. (1998). Greener Pastures On Your Side of the Fence. Colchester, Vermont: Arriba Publishing. m/s. 19–20.
- ^ Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., penyunting (1905). . New International Encyclopedia (ed. 1st). New York: Dodd, Mead.
- ^ Murphy, B. (1998). Greener Pastures On Your Side of the Fence. Colchester, Vermont: Arriba Publishing. m/s. 20.
- ^ George, J. R. (1994). Extension Publications: Forage and Grain Crops. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt. m/s. 152.
- ^ Jahanzad, E.; Barker, A. V.; Hashemi, M.; Eaton, T.; Sadeghpour, A.; Weis, S. A. (2016). "Nitrogen Release Dynamics and Decomposition of Buried and Surface Cover Crop Residues". Agronomy Journal. American Society of Agronomy (Wiley). 108 (4): 1735–1741. Bibcode:2016AgrJ..108.1735J. doi:10.2134/agronj2016.01.0001. ISSN 0002-1962. S2CID 88990719.
Pautan luar
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