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Huruf vokal bersebelahan titik "•" mewakili: vokal tak bundar • vokal bundar |
| Nombor AFA | 301 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Pengekodan | |||
| X-SAMPA | i | ||
| |||
| Sampel audio | |||
Vokal tak bundar depan sempit ialah sejenis bunyi vokal yang terdapat dalam kebanyakan bahasa lisan, dilambangkan oleh aksara i dalam Abjad Fonetik Antarabangsa (IPA), dan i dalam X-SAMPA.
Dalam bahasa Melayu, vokal tak bundar depan sempit dilambangkan oleh huruf i, contohnya: ibu, bintang, hari.
Ciri-ciri
- Ketinggian vokalnya adalah sempit, iaitu lidah terletak dekat sekali dengan lelangit tanpa menyebabkan penjerutan yang sebaliknya menghasilkan konsonan.
- Kebelakangan vokalnya adalah depan, iaitu lidah terletak di depan sekali dalam mulut tanpa menyebabkan penjerutan yang sebaliknya menghasilkan konsonan.
- Vokal ini adalah tidak bundar, iaitu bibir dihamparkan.
Penggunaan
| Bahasa | Perkataan | IPA | Erti | Catatan | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Melayu | [[[Latin alphabet|biru]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [biru] | 'biru' | ||
| Belanda[1] | [[[Ortografi bahasa Belanda|biet]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [bit] | 'bit' (tumbuhan) | Rujuk fonologi bahasa Belanda | |
| Cina | Kantonis | [[[Aksara Cina|詩]]] Error: {{Lang}}: unrecognized language tag: zh-yue-Hani (help)/si1 | [siː˥] | 'puisi' | |
| Mandarin | [[[Aksara Cina|北京]]] Error: {{Lang}}: unrecognized language tag: zh-cmn-Hani (help)/[[[Hanyu Pinyin|Běijīng]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [peɪ˨˩ tɕiŋ˥˥] | 'Beijing' | Rujuk Bahasa Mandarin Baku | |
| Finland[2] | [[[Abjad Finland|viisi]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [viːsi] | 'lima' | Rujuk fonologi bahasa Finland | |
| Georgia[3] | სამი | [ˈsɑmi] | 'tiga' | ||
| Hindi | [[[Devanāgarī|तीन]]] Error: {{Lang}}: script: deva not supported for code: hi (help) | [t̪iːn] | 'tiga' | Rujuk fonologi bahasa Hindi-Urdu | |
| Hungary[4] | [[[Abjad Hungary|ív]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [iːv] | 'gerbang' | Rujuk fonologi bahasa Hungary | |
| Inggeris[5] | [[[Ortografi bahasa Inggeris|free]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [fɹiː] | 'bebas' | Rujuk fonologi bahasa Inggeris | |
| Itali[6] | [[[Abjad Itali|bile]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈbile] | 'kemarahan' | Rujuk fonologi bahasa Itali | |
| Jepun[7] | 銀/gin | [ɡiɴ] | 'perak' | Rujuk fonologi bahasa Jepun | |
| Jerman | [[[Ortografi bahasa Jerman|Ziel]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [tsiːl] | 'matlamat' | Rujuk fonologi bahasa Jerman | |
| Korea | 시장/[[[Perumian Semakan Bahasa Korea|sijang]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ɕiˈd͡ʑaŋ] | 'kelaparan' | Rujuk fonologi bahasa Korea | |
| Mongolia[8] | долоо | [xiɾɘ̆] | 'kotoran' | ||
| Perancis[9] | [[[Ortografi bahasa Inggeris|fini]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [fini] | 'siap' | Rujuk fonologi bahasa Perancis | |
| Poland[10] | [[[Abjad Poland|miś]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈmiɕ] | 'beruang teddy' | Rujuk fonologi bahasa Poland | |
| Portugis[11] | [[[Ortografi bahasa Portugis|li]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [liː] | 'saya membaca' | Rujuk fonologi bahasa Portugis | |
| Rusia[12] | лист | [lʲist] | 'senarai' | Hanya disebut di awal perkataan atau selepas konsonan yang dipalatalkan. Rujuk fonologi bahasa Rusia | |
| Sepanyol[13] | [[[Ortografi bahasa Sepanyol|tipo]]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈt̪ipo̞] | 'jenis' | Rujuk fonologi bahasa Sepanyol | |
| Sioux | Lakota[14][15] | ǧí | [ʀí] | 'perang warnanya' | |
| Thai[16] | [[[Abjad Thai|กริช]]] Error: {{Lang}}: script: thai not supported for code: th (help) | [krìt] | 'pedati' | ||
| Udmurt[17] | [[[Abjad Vyril|?]]] Error: {{Lang}}: Latn text/non-Latn script subtag mismatch (help) | [ovorte] | 'memaklumkan' | ||
| Zapotec | Tilquiapan[18] | diza | [d̪iza] | 'Zapotec' | |
Rujukan
- ^ Gussenhoven (1992:47)
- ^ Iivonen & Harnud (2005:60, 66)
- ^ Shosted & Chikovani (2006:261-262)
- ^ Szende (1994:92)
- ^ Roach (2004:240)
- ^ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:119)
- ^ Okada (1991:94)
- ^ Iivonen & Harnud (2005:62, 66-67)
- ^ Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
- ^ Jassem (2003:105)
- ^ Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
- ^ Jones & Ward (1969:30)
- ^ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:256)
- ^ Rood & Taylor (1996)
- ^ Lakota Language Consortium (2004). Lakota letters and sounds.
- ^ Tingsabadh & Abramson (1993:24)
- ^ Iivonen & Harnud (2005:64, 68)
- ^ Merrill (2008:109)
Bibliografi
- Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (1–2): 53–56, ISSN 0025-1003
- Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 25 (2): 90–94, ISSN 0025-1003
- Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76, ISSN 0025-1003
- Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (2): 45–47, ISSN 0025-1003
- Iivonen, Antti; Harnud, Huhe (2005), "Acoustical comparison of the monophthong systems in Finnish, Mongolian and Udmurt", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 35 (1): 59–71, ISSN 0025-1003
- Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 103–107, ISSN 0025-1003
- Jones, Daniel; Dennis, Ward (1969). The Phonetics of Russian. Cambridge University Press.
- Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259, ISSN 0025-1003
- Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquipan Zapotec", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 38 (1): 107–114, ISSN 0025-1003
- Okada, Hideo (1991), "Japanese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 21 (2): 94–96, ISSN 0025-1003
- Roach, Peter (2004), "British English: Received Pronunciation", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (2): 239–245, ISSN 0025-1003
- Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 117–121, ISSN 0025-1003
- Rood, David S; Taylor, Allan R. (2006), "Sketch of Lakhota, a Siouan Language, Part I", Handbook of North American Indians, 17: 440–482 External link in
|title=(bantuan) - Shosted, Ryan K.; Vakhtang, Chikovani (2006), "Standard Georgian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (2): 255–264, ISSN 0025-1003
- Szende, Tamás (1994), "Illustrations of the IPA:Hungarian", Journal of the International Phonetic Alphabet, 24 (2): 91–94, ISSN 0025-1003
- Tingsabadh, M.R. Kalaya; Abramson, Arthur S. (1993), "Thai", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (1): 24–26, ISSN 0025-1003
- Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 20 (2): 37–41, ISSN 0025-1003