V-1 (bom terbang) - Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas

Bom terbang V-1
Fieseler Fi 103
*Flakzielgerät 76 (FZG-76)*
Bom terbang V-1 ; Fieseler Fi 103 ; Flakzielgerät 76 (FZG-76)
Jenis	Peluru berpandu
Tempat asal	Jerman Nazi
Sejarah perkhidmatan
Dalam perkhidmatan	1944–1945
Digunakan oleh	Luftwaffe
Perang	Perang Dunia II
Sejarah pengeluaran
Pereka	Robert Lusser
Pengeluar	Fieseler
Kos unit	5,090 RM
Spesifikasi
Berat	2,150 kg (4,740 lb)
Panjang	8.32 m (27.3 ka)
Lebar	5.37 m (17.6 ka)
Tinggi	1.42 m (4 ka 8 in)
Warhead	Amatol-39
Warhead weight	850 kg (1,870 lb)
Enjin	Denyutan jet Argus As 109-014
Jarak; operasi	250 km (160 bt)
Kelajuan	640 km/j (400 mph) terbang antara 600 hingga 900 m (2,000 hingga 3,000 ka)
Sistem; pemanduan	Kawalan automatik berasaskan girokompas

Peluru berpandu V-1 atau bom terbang V-1 (Jerman: Vergeltungswaffe 1 "Senjata Balas Dendam 1"^[a])—juga dikenali oleh pihak Bersekutu sebagai bom buzz, atau doodlebug,^[3]^[b] dan di Jerman sebagai Kirschkern (cherrystone) atau Maikäfer (maybug)^[5]—merupakan sebuah peluru berpandu krus terawal dan pesawat pengeluaran pertama yang menggunakan enjin denyutan jet (pulsejet).

Senjata V-1 telah dibangunkan di Pusat Penyelidikan Tentera Darat Peenemünde oleh Luftwaffe Jerman Nazi ketika Perang Dunia II. Semasa pembangunan awal ia dikenali dengan nama kod "Cherry Stone". Siri pertama "Senjata balas dendam" (Senjata-V atau Vergeltungswaffen) direka untuk pengeboman ganas ke atas London — disebabkan jaraknya yang terhad, ribuan misil V-1 yang dilancarkan ke England telah dilepaskan daripada tapak pelancaran disepanjang pantai (Pas-de-Calais) Perancis dan Belanda. V-1 yang pertama telah dilancarkan ke London pada 13 Jun 1944^[6]), seminggu selepas (dan didorong oleh) kejayaan pendaratan tentera Bersekutu di Eropah. Pada kemuncaknya, lebih kurang seratus buah V-1 dilancarkan sehari ke tenggara England, 9,521 jumlah keseluruhannya, bilangan berkurangan setelah tapaknya ditawan sehingga bulan Oktober 1944, apabila tapak terakhir V-1 dalam lingkungan Britain telah ditawan oleh tentera Bersekutu. Selepas ini, senjata V-1 dihalakan ke pelabuhan Antwerp dan sasaran lain di Belgium, dengan 2,448 buah V-1 telah dilancarkan. Serangan tersebut terhenti hanya sebulan sebelum perang di Eropah tamat, apabila tapak pelancaran terakhir di Negeri-Negeri Pamah ditawan pada 29 Mac 1945.

Pihak British mengendalikan aturan pertahanan udara, termasuk meriam anti pesawat dan pesawat pejuang, untuk memintas bom-bom tersebut sebelum ia menghampiri sasaran mereka sebagai sebahagian daripada Operasi Crossbow, manakala tapak pelancaran dan depot simpanan V-1 bawah tanah menjadi sasaran pengeboman strategik.^[7]

Lihat juga

Rujukan

Nota

^ Vergeltungswaffe "vengeance weapon 1" (Vergeltungs can also be translated as "retribution", "reprisal" or "retaliation"), also Fieseler Fi 103 by the RLM's 8-103 airframe number.
^ In contemporary accounts it is also referred to as a robot bomb.^[3]^[4]

Petikan

^ Zaloga 2005, m/s. 11.
^ Werrell 1985, m/s. 53.
^ ^a ^b Vanek 1999, m/s. 81.
^ Lloyd & Hall 1997, m/s. 222.
^ Christopher, John. The Race for Hitler's X-Planes (The Mill, Gloucestershire: History Press, 2013), p.108.
^ War & peace and the price of cat-fish Diarkibkan 2017-07-07 di Wayback Machine (Contemporary diary.)
^ "American Sub Rescues Airmen". Universal Newsreel. 1944. Dicapai pada 21 February 2012.

Bibliografi

Cooper, Michael "Mike" (1997), Meteor Age, Doncaster, UK: Mark Turner.
Crowdy, Terence "Terry" (2008), Deceiving Hitler: Double Cross and Deception in World War II, Oxford, UK: Osprey, ISBN 978-1-84603-135-9.
Irons, Roy (2003), Hitler's Terror Weapons: The Price of Vengeance, New York: Harper Collins, ISBN 978-0-00-711263-0.
Jackson, Robert (2007), Britain's Greatest Aircraft, Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword, ISBN 978-1-84415-383-1.
Jones, R.V. (1978), Most Secret War: British Scientific Intelligence, 1939–1945, London: Hamish Hamilton, ISBN 978-0-241-89746-1.
Lloyd, Clement John; Hall, Richard, penyunting (1997), Backroom Briefings: John Curtin's War (ed. illustrated), National Library Australia, m/s. 222, ISBN 9780642106889.
Masterman, John C. (1972) [1945], The Double-Cross System in the War of 1939 to 1945, London: Avon.
Mindling, George; Bolton, Robert (2009), US Air Force Tactical Missiles, 1949–1969, The Pioneers, Raleigh, North Carolina: Lulu.com, ISBN 978-0-557-00029-6.
Montagu, Ewen (1978), Beyond Top Secret Ultra, New York: Coward McCann & Geoghegan, ISBN 978-0-698-10882-0.
Reuter, C. (2000), The V2 and the German, Russian and American Rocket Program, Missisagua, Ontario, Canada: German Canadian Heritage Museum, ISBN 978-1-894643-05-4.
Sharp, C. Martin; Bowyer, Michael JF (1995), Mosquito, Somerset, UK: Crécy, ISBN 978-0-947554-41-5.
Self, Brian (January 2011), "Hudson, John Pilkington (1910–2007)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ed. online), Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/99289 (langganan atau keahlian perpustakaan awam United Kingdom diperlukan).
United States Air Force Museum Guidebook, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: Air Force Museum Foundation, 1975.
Werrell, Kenneth P. (1985), The Evolution of the Cruise Missile, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: Air University Press.
Vanek, David (1999), Fulfilment: Memoirs of a Criminal Court Judge, Dundurn, m/s. 81, ISBN 9781459715028.
Zaloga, Steven (2005), V-1 Flying Bomb 1942–52, Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, ISBN 978-1-84176-791-8.

Bacaan lanjut

Haining, Peter (2002), The Flying Bomb War -Contemporary Eyewitness Accounts of the German V1 and V2 Raids On Britain 1942-1945, London: Robson Books, ISBN 978-1-86105-581-1
Kay, Anthony L. (1977), Buzz Bomb (Monogram Close-Up 4), Boylston, Massachusetts: Monogram Aviation Publications, ISBN 978-0-914144-04-5
King, Benjamin; Kutta, Timothy (1998), Impact: The History of Germany's V-Weapons in World War II, New York: Sarpedon, ISBN 978-1-885119-51-3
Ramsay, Winston (1990), The Blitz Then & Now, 3, London: Battle of Britain Prints, ISBN 978-0-900913-58-7
Young, Richard Anthony (1978), The Flying Bomb, Shepperton, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan, ISBN 978-0-7110-0842-7. (1978, USA, Sky Book Press, ISBN 978-0-89402-072-8)

Pautan luar

Satu klip filem of FZG 76 – V-1 boleh didapati dengan muat turun percuma di Arkib Internet [more]
V-1 Launch Site
The V-Weapons, from Marshall Stelzriede's Wartime Story website with June 1944 UK/US news reports on V-1 attacks
Fi-103/V-1 "Buzz Bomb", from the Luftwaffe Resource Center website, hosted by The Warbirds Resource Group; with 42 photos
The Lambeth Archives, includes a sound recording of an incoming V-1, circa 1944

[3] Vergeltungswaffe "vengeance weapon 1" (Vergeltungs can also be translated as "retribution", "reprisal" or "retaliation"), also Fieseler Fi 103 by the RLM's 8-103 airframe number.

[6] In contemporary accounts it is also referred to as a robot bomb.^[3]^[4]

[FOOTNOTEZaloga200511-1] Zaloga 2005, m/s. 11.

[FOOTNOTEWerrell198553-2] Werrell 1985, m/s. 53.

[FOOTNOTEVanek199981-4] Vanek 1999, m/s. 81.

[FOOTNOTELloydHall1997222-5] Lloyd & Hall 1997, m/s. 222.

[7] Christopher, John. The Race for Hitler's X-Planes (The Mill, Gloucestershire: History Press, 2013), p.108.

[8] War & peace and the price of cat-fish Diarkibkan 2017-07-07 di Wayback Machine (Contemporary diary.)

[9] "American Sub Rescues Airmen". Universal Newsreel. 1944. Dicapai pada 21 February 2012.

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