Templat:Kotak info tungsten - Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas

Hidrogen, ₁H
	Kilauan ungu dalam keadaan plasma
	Garisan spektrum hidrogen
Ciri-ciri umum
Sebutan	/ˈhaɪdrədʒən/ HY-drə-jən
Rupa	gas tidak berwarna
Hidrogen dalam jadual berkala
	- ← hidrogen → helium
Nombor atom (Z)	1
Kumpulan, kala	kumpulan 1, kala 1
Blok	Blok s
Berat atom piawai (Ar)	1.008(1)
Konfigurasi elektron	1s1
Bil. elektron per petala/cengkerang	1
Ciri-ciri fizikal
Warna	tidak berwarna
Fasa	gas
Takat lebur	14.01 K (-259.14 °C, -434.45 °F)
Takat didih	20.28 K (-252.87 °C, -423.17 °F)
Ketumpatan pada stp (0 °C dan 101.325 kPa)	0.08988 g/L
apabila cecair, pada t.l.	0.07 (0.0763 solid) g/cm3
apabila cecair, pada t.d.	0.07099 g/cm3
Takat tigaan	13.8033 K, 7.042 kPa
Titik genting	32.97 K, 1.293 MPa
Haba pelakuran	(H2) 0.117 kJ/mol
Haba pengewapan	(H2) 0.904 kJ/mol
Muatan haba molar	(H2) 28.836 J/(mol·K)
Ciri-ciri atom
Keadaan pengoksidaan	1, -1 oksida amfoterik
Keelektronegatifan	Skala Pauling: 2.20
Jejari kovalen	31±5 pm
Jejari van der Waals	120 pm
Rampaian
Struktur hablur	heksagon
Kelajuan bunyi	(gas, 27 °C) 1310 m/s
Daya pengaliran terma	0.1805 W/(m·K)
Sifat kemagnetan	diamagnet
Nombor CAS	1333-74-0
Sejarah
Penemuan	Henry Cavendish (1766)
Dinamakan oleh	Antoine Lavoisier (1783)
Isotop utama bagi hidrogen
	lihat; bincang; sunting; \| rujukan \| dalam Wikidata

Tungsten, ₇₄W
Ciri-ciri umum
Nama alternatif	wolfram, /ˈwʊlfrəm/ (WUUL-frəm)
Rupa	Putih kekelabuan, berkilat
Tungsten dalam jadual berkala
	tantalum ← tungsten → renium
Nombor atom (Z)	74
Kumpulan, kala	kumpulan 6, kala 6
Blok	Blok d
Konfigurasi elektron	[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
Bil. elektron per petala/cengkerang	2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2
Ciri-ciri fizikal
Takat lebur	3695 K (3422 °C, 6192 °F)
Takat didih	6203 K (5930 °C, 10706 °F)
Ketumpatan suhu bilik hampir	19.3 g/cm3
apabila cecair, pada t.l.	17.6 g/cm3
Haba pelakuran	52.31 kJ/mol
Haba pengewapan	774 kJ/mol
Muatan haba molar	24.27 J/(mol·K)
Ciri-ciri atom
Keelektronegatifan	Skala Pauling: 2.36
Tenaga pengionan	pertama: 770 kJ/mol ; ke-2: 1700 kJ/mol
Jejari atom	empirik: 139 pm
Jejari kovalen	162±7 pm
Rampaian
Struktur hablur	kiub berpusatkan badan (bcc)
Kelajuan bunyi rod nipis	4620 m/s (pada s.b.) (sepuh lindap)
Pekali pengembangan terma	4.5 µm/(m·K) (pada 25 °C)
Daya pengaliran terma	173 W/(m·K)
Kerintangan elektrik	52.8 nΩ·m (pada 20 °C)
Sifat kemagnetan	Paramagnet
Kerentanan magnet (χmol)	+59.0·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Modulus Young	411 GPa
Modulus ricih	161 GPa
Modulus pukal	310 GPa
Nisbah Poisson	0.28
Skala Mohs	7.5
Kekerasan Vickers	3430–4600 MPa
Kekerasan Brinell	2000–4000 MPa
Nombor CAS	7440-33-7
Sejarah
Penemuan	Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1781)
Pengasiangan pertama	Juan José Elhuyar dan Fausto Elhuyar (1783)
Dinamakan oleh	Torbern Bergman (1781)
Isotop utama bagi tungsten
	lihat; bincang; sunting; \| rujukan \| dalam Wikidata

[[:Template:Infobox element/element navigation]] tidak sepatutnya digunakan di laman rencana

Navigasi unsur

JB<element name>JB

←

^iso
₀W

ibox E

wd:Q743

→ H

Rujukan

Rujukan-rujukan berikut akan terpapar dalam rencana, tetapi senarai ini hanya terpapar dalam halaman ini.

^ Templat:CRC90
^ Tolias P. (2017). "Analytical expressions for thermophysical properties of solid and liquid tungsten relevant for fusion applications". Nuclear Materials and Energy. 13: 42–57. arXiv:1703.06302. Bibcode:2017arXiv170306302T. doi:10.1016/j.nme.2017.08.002.
^ Lide, D. R., penyunting (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds" (PDF). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (ed. 86th). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0486-6.
^ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. m/s. E110. ISBN 978-0-8493-0464-4.

Pendokumenan templat[lihat] [sunting] [sejarah] [nyahcache]

Nombor atom 119 ke atas

Apabila nombor atom adalah ≥ 119, jadual berkala mini akan mempamerkan versi dilanjutkan (kala 8). Lihat contoh di {{infobox ununennium}}.

Contoh hidrogen

Bare parameters

{{infobox element
<!-- HEADER and id's -->
|name=
|number=
|symbol=
<!-- PERIODIC TABLE -->
|left=
|right=
|above=
|below=
<!-- APPEARANCE -->
|appearance=
|image name=
|image size=
|image alt=
|image name comment=
|image name 2=
|image size 2=
|image alt 2=
|image name 2 comment=
<!-- GENERAL -->
|pronounce=
|series=
|series comment=
|series color=
|group=
|period=
|block=
|atomic mass=
|atomic mass 2=
|atomic mass comment=
|electron configuration=
|electrons per shell=
<!-- PHYSICAL PROPERTIES -->
|physical properties=
|color=
|phase=
|phase comment=
|phase color=
|density gplstp=
|density gpcm3nrt=
|density gpcm3nrt 2=
|density gpcm3nrt 3=
|density gpcm3mp=
|melting point K=
|melting point C=
|melting point F=
|melting point pressure=
|sublimation point K=
|sublimation point C=
|sublimation point F=
|sublimation point pressure=
|boiling point K=
|boiling point C=
|boiling point F=
|boiling point pressure=
|triple point K=
|triple point kPa=
|triple point K 2=
|triple point kPa 2=
|critical point K=
|critical point MPa=
|heat fusion=
|heat fusion 2=
|heat fusion pressure=
|heat vaporization=
|heat vaporization pressure=
|heat capacity=
|heat capacity pressure=
|vapor pressure 1=
|vapor pressure 10=
|vapor pressure 100=
|vapor pressure 1 k=
|vapor pressure 10 k=
|vapor pressure 100 k=
|vapor pressure comment=
|atomic properties=
|oxidation states=
|oxidation states comment=
|electronegativity=
|number of ionization energies=
|1st ionization energy=
|2nd ionization energy=
|3rd ionization energy=
|atomic radius=
|atomic radius calculated=
|covalent radius=
|Van der Waals radius=
<!-- MISCELLANEA -->
|crystal structure=
|crystal structure ref=
|crystal structure comment=
|crystal structure2=
|crystal structure ref2=
|crystal structure comment2=
|magnetic ordering=
|electrical resistivity=
|electrical resistivity at 0=
|electrical resistivity at 20=
|thermal conductivity=
|thermal conductivity 2=
|thermal diffusivity=
|thermal expansion=
|thermal expansion at 25=
|speed of sound=
|speed of sound rod at 20=
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
|Tensile strength=
|Young's modulus=
|Shear modulus=
|Bulk modulus=
|Poisson ratio=
|Mohs hardness=
|Vickers hardness=
|Brinell hardness=
|CAS number=
<!-- ISOTOPES -->
|isotopes=
|isotopes comment=
<!-- HISTORY -->
|predicted by=
|prediction date=
|discovered by=
|discovery date=
|first isolation by=
|first isolation date=
|named by=
|named date=
|history comment label=
|history comment=
}}

Nota-nota parameter

|crystal structure=
Parameter ini digunakan dalam templat {{infobox element/crystal structure image}} dan {{infobox element/crystal structure wikilink}}. Dalam templat-templat ini, terjemahan bahasa Melayu bagi struktur-struktur kristal yang digunakan adalah seperti berikut:

Bahasa Inggeris	Bahasa Melayu
body-centered cubic dsb.	kiub berpusatkan badan
cubic body-centered (extrapolated)	kiub berpusatkan badan (ditentuluar) kiub berpusatkan badan (diekstrapolasi)
face-centered cubic dsb.	kiub berpusatkan muka
cubic	kiub
diamond	intan
diamond cubic	intan kiub
hexagonal	heksagon
hexagonal close packed	heksagon disusun rapat
lattice face centered cubic	kiub kekisi berpusatkan muka
monoclinic	monoklinik
base-centered monoclinic	monoklinik berpusatkan tapak
orthorhombic	ortorombik
trigonal	trigon
rhombohedral	rombohedron
centered tetragonal	tetragon berpusat
body-centered tetragonal	tetragon berpusatkan badan
unknown	tidak diketahui
simple ...	... ringkas

Parameter-parameter berunit
Parameter-parameter berunit seperti |melting point C=, |melting point K=, |1st ionization energy=, |electronegativity=, |atomic mass= dan sebagainya tidak perlu diletakkan unit. Templat ini akan meletakkan unitnya sendiri.

Subtemplat yang digunakan

Pengepala (header):

{{infobox element/headers}}

Graf jadual berkala:

Data:

{{infobox element/crystal structure wikilink}}
{{infobox element/crystal structure image}}
{{infobox element/group}}

Isotop:

{{infobox element/isotopes decay}}
{{infobox element/isotopes stable}}

Sebutan:

Templat teknikal:

{{main other}}
{{template other}}
{{!}}

Lihat juga

Kategori:Templat infobox jadual berkala

Templat:Indeks templat infobox unsur

Rujukan

Rujukan-rujukan berikut akan terpapar dalam rencana, tetapi senarai ini hanya terpapar dalam halaman ini.

^ Simpson, J.A.; Weiner, E.S.C. (1989). "Hydrogen". Oxford English Dictionary. 7 (ed. 2nd). Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-861219-2.
^ Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils; Holleman, Arnold Frederick (2001). Inorganic chemistry. Academic Press. m/s. 240. ISBN 0123526515.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". [[CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics]] (PDF) (ed. 81st). CRC Press. URL–wikilink conflict (bantuan)
^ "Hydrogen". Van Nostrand's Encyclopedia of Chemistry. Wylie-Interscience. 2005. m/s. 797–799. ISBN 0-471-61525-0.
^ Emsley, John (2001). Nature's Building Blocks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. m/s. 183–191. ISBN 0-19-850341-5.
^ Stwertka, Albert (1996). A Guide to the Elements. Oxford University Press. m/s. 16–21. ISBN 0-19-508083-1.

Pendokumenan di atas ditransklusikan daripada Templat:Infobox element/doc.
Penyunting boleh membuat percubaan di laman kotak pasir dan kes ujian templat ini.
Sublaman templat ini.

[CRC90-1] Templat:CRC90

[Tolias-2] Tolias P. (2017). "Analytical expressions for thermophysical properties of solid and liquid tungsten relevant for fusion applications". Nuclear Materials and Energy. 13: 42–57. arXiv:1703.06302. Bibcode:2017arXiv170306302T. doi:10.1016/j.nme.2017.08.002.

[3] Lide, D. R., penyunting (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds" (PDF). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (ed. 86th). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0486-6.

[4] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. m/s. E110. ISBN 978-0-8493-0464-4.

[5] Simpson, J.A.; Weiner, E.S.C. (1989). "Hydrogen". Oxford English Dictionary. 7 (ed. 2nd). Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-861219-2.

[6] Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils; Holleman, Arnold Frederick (2001). Inorganic chemistry. Academic Press. m/s. 240. ISBN 0123526515.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[7] "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". [[CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics]] (PDF) (ed. 81st). CRC Press. URL–wikilink conflict (bantuan)

[Nostrand-8] "Hydrogen". Van Nostrand's Encyclopedia of Chemistry. Wylie-Interscience. 2005. m/s. 797–799. ISBN 0-471-61525-0.

[nbb-9] Emsley, John (2001). Nature's Building Blocks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. m/s. 183–191. ISBN 0-19-850341-5.

[Stwertka-10] Stwertka, Albert (1996). A Guide to the Elements. Oxford University Press. m/s. 16–21. ISBN 0-19-508083-1.

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