Senarai opera di bawah adalah sebagai rujukan untuk opera-opera yang paling penting berdasarkan rujukan-rujukan di seksyen 14. Opera-opera yang disenaraikan meliputi keseluruhan genre opera termasuk opera-opera yang kerap dipersembahkan dari kurun ke-17 oleh Monteverdi, Cavalli, dan Purcell hingga ke lewat kurun ke 20 oleh Messiaen, Berio, Glass, Adams, Birtwistle, dan Judith Weir.
Untuk penjelasan mengenai sejarah opera, sila rujuk rencana opera.
1600 – 1699
- 1607 L'Orfeo (Claudio Monteverdi)
- 1640 Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria (Claudio Monteverdi)
- 1642 L'incoronazione di Poppea (Claudio Monteverdi)
- 1644 Ormindo (Francesco Cavalli)
- 1649 Giasone (Francesco Cavalli)
- 1651 La Calisto (Francesco Cavalli)
- 1689 Dido and Aeneas (Henry Purcell)
- 1692 The Fairy-Queen (Henry Purcell)
1700 – 1749
- 1710 Agrippina (George Frideric Handel)
- 1711 Rinaldo (George Frideric Handel)
- 1724 Giulio Cesare (George Frideric Handel).
- 1724 Tamerlano (George Frideric Handel)
- 1725 Rodelinda (George Frideric Handel).
- 1728 The Beggar's Opera (John Gay and Johann Christoph Pepusch)
- 1731 Acis and Galatea (George Frideric Handel)
- 1733 Orlando (George Frideric Handel)
- 1733 La serva padrona (Giovanni Battista Pergolesi)
- 1733 Hippolyte et Aricie (Jean-Philippe Rameau)
- 1735 Ariodante (George Frideric Handel)
- 1735 Alcina (George Frideric Handel)
- 1735 Les Indes galantes (Jean-Philippe Rameau)
- 1737 Castor et Pollux (Jean-Philippe Rameau)
- 1738 Serse (George Frideric Handel)
- 1744 Semele (George Frideric Handel)
- 1745 Platée (Jean-Philippe Rameau)
1750 – 1799
- 1760 La buona figliuola (Niccolò Piccinni)
- 1762 Orfeo ed Euridice (Christoph Willibald Gluck)
- 1767 Alceste (Christoph Willibald Gluck)
- 1768 Bastien und Bastienne (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart)
- 1770 Mitridate, re di Ponto (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart)
- 1772 Lucio Silla (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart)
- 1774 Iphigénie en Aulide (Christoph Willibald Gluck)
- 1775 La finta giardiniera (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart)
- 1775 Il re pastore (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart)
- 1777 Il mondo della luna (Joseph Haydn)
- 1777 Armide (Christoph Willibald Gluck)
- 1779 Iphigénie en Tauride (Christoph Willibald Gluck)
- 1781 Idomeneo (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart)
- 1782 Die Entführung aus dem Serail (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart)
- 1782 Il barbiere di Siviglia (Giovanni Paisiello)
- 1786 Der Schauspieldirektor (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart)
- 1786 Le Nozze di Figaro (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart)
- 1787 Don Giovanni (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart)
- 1790 Così fan tutte (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart)
- 1791 La clemenza di Tito (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart)
- 1791 Die Zauberflöte (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart)
- 1792 Il matrimonio segreto (Domenico Cimarosa)
- 1797 Médée (Luigi Cherubini)
1800 – 1832
- 1805 Fidelio (Ludwig van Beethoven)
- 1807 La vestale (Gaspare Spontini)
- 1812 La scala di seta (Gioacchino Rossini)
- 1813 L'italiana in Algeri (Gioacchino Rossini)
- 1813 Tancredi (Gioacchino Rossini)
- 1814 Il turco in Italia (Gioacchino Rossini)
- 1816 Il Barbiere di Siviglia (Gioacchino Rossini)
- 1816 Otello (Gioacchino Rossini)
- 1817 La Cenerentola (Gioacchino Rossini)
- 1817 La gazza ladra (Gioacchino Rossini)
- 1818 Mosè in Egitto (Gioacchino Rossini)
- 1819 La donna del lago (Gioacchino Rossini)
- 1821 Der Freischütz (Carl Maria von Weber)
- 1823 Euryanthe (Carl Maria von Weber)
- 1823 Semiramide (Gioacchino Rossini)
- 1825 La dame blanche (François-Adrien Boieldieu)
- 1826 Le siège de Corinthe (Gioacchino Rossini)
- 1826 Oberon (Carl Maria von Weber)
- 1827 Il pirata (Vincenzo Bellini)
- 1828 Der Vampyr (Heinrich Marschner)
- 1828 Le comte Ory (Gioacchino Rossini)
- 1829 La straniera (Vincenzo Bellini)
- 1829 William Tell (Gioacchino Rossini)
- 1830 Anna Bolena (Gaetano Donizetti)
- 1830 Fra Diavolo (Daniel Auber)
- 1830 I Capuleti e i Montecchi (Vincenzo Bellini)
- 1831 La sonnambula (Vincenzo Bellini)
- 1831 Norma (Vincenzo Bellini)
- 1831 Robert le diable (Giacomo Meyerbeer)
- 1832 L'elisir d'amore (Gaetano Donizetti)
1833 – 1849
- 1833 Beatrice di Tenda (Vincenzo Bellini)
- 1833 Hans Heiling (Heinrich Marschner)
- 1833 Lucrezia Borgia (Gaetano Donizetti)
- 1834 Maria Stuarda (Gaetano Donizetti)
- 1835 Das Liebesverbot (Richard Wagner)
- 1835 I puritani (Vincenzo Bellini)
- 1835 La Juive (Fromental Halévy)
- 1835 Lucia di Lammermoor (Gaetano Donizetti)
- 1836 A Life for the Tsar (Mikhail Glinka)
- 1836 Les Huguenots (Giacomo Meyerbeer)
- 1837 Roberto Devereux (Gaetano Donizetti)
- 1838 Benvenuto Cellini (Hector Berlioz)
- 1839 Oberto (Giuseppe Verdi)
- 1840 La favorite (Gaetano Donizetti)
- 1840 La fille du régiment (Gaetano Donizetti)
- 1840 Un giorno di regno (Giuseppe Verdi)
- 1842 Der Wildschütz (Albert Lortzing)
- 1842 Nabucco (Giuseppe Verdi)
- 1842 Rienzi (Richard Wagner)
- 1842 Ruslan and Lyudmila (Mikhail Glinka)
- 1843 The Flying Dutchman (Richard Wagner)
- 1843 Don Pasquale (Gaetano Donizetti)
- 1843 I Lombardi alla prima crociata (Giuseppe Verdi)
- 1843 The Bohemian Girl (Michael William Balfe)
- 1844 Ernani (Giuseppe Verdi)
- 1845 Tannhäuser (Richard Wagner)
- 1846 Attila (Giuseppe Verdi)
- 1846 The Damnation of Faust (Hector Berlioz)
- 1847 Macbeth (Giuseppe Verdi)
- 1847 Martha (Friedrich von Flotow)
- 1849 The Merry Wives of Windsor (Otto Nicolai)
- 1849 Le prophète (Giacomo Meyerbeer)
- 1849 Luisa Miller (Giuseppe Verdi)
1850 – 1875
- 1850 Genoveva (Robert Schumann)
- 1850 Lohengrin (Richard Wagner)
- 1850 Stiffelio (Giuseppe Verdi)
- 1851 Rigoletto (Giuseppe Verdi)
- 1853 Il trovatore (Giuseppe Verdi)
- 1853 La traviata (Giuseppe Verdi)
- 1855 Les vêpres siciliennes (Giuseppe Verdi)
- 1858 Der Barbier von Bagdad (Peter Cornelius)
- 1858 Orphée aux enfers (Jacques Offenbach)
- 1858 Les Troyens (Hector Berlioz)
- 1859 Faust (Charles Gounod)
- 1859 Un ballo in maschera (Giuseppe Verdi)
- 1862 Béatrice et Bénédict (Hector Berlioz)
- 1862 La forza del destino (Giuseppe Verdi)
- 1863 Les pêcheurs de perles (Georges Bizet)
- 1864 La belle Hélène (Jacques Offenbach)
- 1864 Mireille (Charles Gounod)
- 1865 L'Africaine (Giacomo Meyerbeer)
- 1865 Tristan und Isolde (Richard Wagner)
- 1866 Mignon (Ambroise Thomas)
- 1866 The Bartered Bride (Bedřich Smetana)
- 1867 Don Carlos (Giuseppe Verdi)
- 1867 La jolie fille de Perth (Georges Bizet)
- 1867 Roméo et Juliette (Charles Gounod)
- 1868 Dalibor (Bedřich Smetana)
- 1868 Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg (Richard Wagner)
- 1868 Hamlet (Ambroise Thomas)
- 1868 La Périchole (Jacques Offenbach)
- 1868 Mefistofele (Arrigo Boito)
- 1869 Das Rheingold (Richard Wagner)
- 1870 Die Walküre (Richard Wagner)
- 1871 Aida (Giuseppe Verdi)
- 1874 Boris Godunov (Modest Mussorgsky)
- 1874 Die Fledermaus (Johann Strauss II)
- 1874 The Two Widows (Bedřich Smetana)
- 1875 Carmen (Georges Bizet)
1876 – 1899
- 1876 Siegfried (Richard Wagner)
- 1876 Götterdämmerung (Richard Wagner)
- 1876 La Gioconda (Amilcare Ponchielli)
- 1877 L'Étoile (Emmanuel Chabrier)
- 1877 Samson and Delilah (Camille Saint-Saëns)
- 1879 Eugene Onegin (Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky)
- 1881 Hérodiade (Jules Massenet)
- 1881 Les contes d'Hoffmann (Jacques Offenbach)
- 1881 Simon Boccanegra (Giuseppe Verdi)
- 1882 Parsifal (Richard Wagner)
- 1882 The Snow Maiden (Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov)
- 1883 Lakmé (Léo Delibes)
- 1884 Le Villi (Giacomo Puccini)
- 1884 Manon (Jules Massenet)
- 1885 The Gypsy Baron (Johann Strauss II)
- 1886 Khovanshchina (Modest Mussorgsky)
- 1887 Le roi malgré lui (Emmanuel Chabrier)
- 1887 Otello (Giuseppe Verdi)
- 1888 Le roi d'Ys (Édouard Lalo)
- 1890 Cavalleria rusticana (Pietro Mascagni)
- 1890 Prince Igor (Alexander Borodin)
- 1890 The Queen of Spades (Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky)
- 1891 L'amico Fritz (Pietro Mascagni)
- 1892 Iolanta (Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky)
- 1892 La Wally (Alfredo Catalani)
- 1892 Pagliacci (Ruggero Leoncavallo)
- 1892 Werther (Jules Massenet)
- 1893 Falstaff (Giuseppe Verdi)
- 1893 Hänsel und Gretel (Engelbert Humperdinck)
- 1893 Manon Lescaut (Giacomo Puccini)
- 1894 Thaïs (Jules Massenet)
- 1896 Andrea Chénier (Umberto Giordano)
- 1896 La bohème (Giacomo Puccini)
- 1897 Königskinder (Engelbert Humperdinck)
- 1898 Fedora (Umberto Giordano)
- 1898 Sadko (Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov)
- 1899 Cendrillon (Jules Massenet)
- 1899 The Devil and Kate (Antonín Dvořák)
1900 – 1920
- 1900 Louise (Gustave Charpentier)
- 1900 Tosca (Giacomo Puccini)
- 1901 Rusalka (Antonín Dvořák)
- 1902 Adriana Lecouvreur (Francesco Cilea)
- 1902 Pelléas et Mélisande (Claude Debussy)
- 1902 Saul og David (Carl Nielsen)
- 1904 Jenůfa (Leoš Janáček)
- 1904 Madama Butterfly (Giacomo Puccini)
- 1905 The Merry Widow (Franz Lehár)
- 1905 Salome (Richard Strauss)
- 1906 Maskarade (Carl Nielsen)
- 1907 A Village Romeo and Juliet (Frederick Delius)
- 1907 Ariane et Barbe-bleue (Paul Dukas)
- 1907 The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh and the Maiden Fevroniya (Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov)
- 1907 Destiny (Leoš Janáček)
- 1909 Elektra (Richard Strauss)
- 1909 Il segreto di Susanna (Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari)
- 1909 The Golden Cockerel (Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov)
- 1910 Don Quichotte (Jules Massenet)
- 1910 La fanciulla del West (Giacomo Puccini)
- 1911 Der Rosenkavalier (Richard Strauss)
- 1911 L'heure espagnole (Maurice Ravel)
- 1912 Ariadne auf Naxos (Richard Strauss)
- 1912 Der ferne Klang (Schreker)
- 1913 La vida breve (Manuel de Falla)
- 1914 The Immortal Hour (Rutland Boughton)
- 1914 The Nightingale (Igor Stravinsky)
- 1916 Savitri (Gustav Holst)
- 1917 Arlecchino (Ferruccio Busoni)
- 1917 Eine florentinische Tragödie (Alexander von Zemlinsky)
- 1917 La rondine (Giacomo Puccini)
- 1917 Palestrina (Hans Pfitzner)
- 1918 Bluebeard's Castle (Béla Bartók)
- 1918 Gianni Schicchi (Giacomo Puccini)
- 1918 Il tabarro (Giacomo Puccini)
- 1918 Suor Angelica (Giacomo Puccini)
- 1919 Die Frau ohne Schatten (Richard Strauss)
- 1920 Die tote Stadt (Erich Wolfgang Korngold)
- 1920 The Excursions of Mr. Broucek on the Moon and in the 15th Century (Leoš Janáček)
1921 – 1944
- 1921 Káťa Kabanová (Leoš Janáček)
- 1921 The Love for Three Oranges (Sergei Prokofiev)
- 1922 Der Zwerg (Alexander von Zemlinsky)
- 1924 Erwartung (Arnold Schoenberg)
- 1924 Hugh the Drover (Ralph Vaughan Williams)
- 1924 Intermezzo (Richard Strauss)
- 1924 The Cunning Little Vixen (Leoš Janáček)
- 1925 Doktor Faust (Ferruccio Busoni)
- 1925 L'enfant et les sortilèges (Maurice Ravel)
- 1925 Wozzeck (Alban Berg)
- 1926 Cardillac (Paul Hindemith)
- 1926 Háry János (Zoltán Kodály)
- 1926 King Roger (Karol Szymanowski)
- 1926 The Makropulos Affair (Leoš Janáček)
- 1926 Turandot (Giacomo Puccini)
- 1927 Oedipus Rex (Igor Stravinsky)
- 1927 Jonny spielt auf (Ernst Krenek)
- 1928 The Threepenny Opera (Kurt Weill)
- 1929 The Nose (Dmitri Shostakovich)
- 1930 Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny (Kurt Weill)
- 1930 From the House of the Dead (Leoš Janáček)
- 1932 Moses und Aron (Arnold Schoenberg)
- 1933 Arabella (Richard Strauss)
- 1934 Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District (Dmitri Shostakovich)
- 1935 Die schweigsame Frau (Richard Strauss)
- 1935 Porgy and Bess (George Gershwin)
- 1937 Lulu (Alban Berg)
- 1937 Riders to the Sea (Ralph Vaughan Williams)
- 1938 Daphne (Richard Strauss)
- 1938 Julietta (Bohuslav Martinů)
- 1938 Mathis der Maler (Paul Hindemith)
- 1941 Paul Bunyan (Benjamin Britten)
- 1942 Capriccio (Richard Strauss)
- 1943 Der Kaiser von Atlantis (Viktor Ullmann)
Dari 1945
- 1945 Peter Grimes (Benjamin Britten)
- 1945 War and Peace (Sergei Prokofiev)
- 1946 Betrothal in a Monastery (Sergei Prokofiev)
- 1946 The Medium (Gian Carlo Menotti)
- 1946 The Rape of Lucretia (Benjamin Britten)
- 1947 Albert Herring (Benjamin Britten)
- 1947 Dantons Tod (Gottfried von Einem)
- 1947 The Telephone, or L'Amour à trois (Gian Carlo Menotti)
- 1949 Il prigioniero (Luigi Dallapiccola)
- 1950 The Consul (Gian Carlo Menotti)
- 1951 Amahl and the Night Visitors (Gian Carlo Menotti)
- 1951 Billy Budd (Benjamin Britten)
- 1951 The Pilgrim's Progress (Ralph Vaughan Williams)
- 1951 The Rake's Progress (Igor Stravinsky)
- 1952 Boulevard Solitude (Hans Werner Henze)
- 1953 Gloriana (Benjamin Britten)
- 1954 The Fiery Angel (Sergei Prokofiev)
- 1954 The Turn of the Screw (Benjamin Britten)
- 1954 Troilus and Cressida (William Walton)
- 1955 The Midsummer Marriage (Michael Tippett)
- 1956 Candide (Leonard Bernstein)
- 1957 Dialogues of the Carmelites (Francis Poulenc)
- 1958 Vanessa (Samuel Barber).
- 1959 La Voix humaine (Francis Poulenc)
- 1960 A Midsummer Night's Dream (Benjamin Britten)
- 1961 Elegy for Young Lovers (Hans Werner Henze)
- 1962 King Priam (Michael Tippett)
- 1964 Curlew River (Benjamin Britten)
- 1965 Der junge Lord (Hans Werner Henze)
- 1965 Die Soldaten (Bernd Alois Zimmermann)
- 1966 Antony and Cleopatra (Samuel Barber)
- 1966 The Bassarids (Hans Werner Henze)
- 1967 The Bear (William Walton)
- 1968 Punch and Judy (Harrison Birtwistle)
- 1968 The Prodigal Son (Benjamin Britten)
- 1969 The Devils of Loudun (Krzysztof Penderecki)
- 1970 The Knot Garden (Michael Tippett)
- 1971 Owen Wingrave (Benjamin Britten)
- 1972 Taverner (Peter Maxwell Davies)
- 1973 Death in Venice (Benjamin Britten)
- 1976 Einstein on the Beach (Philip Glass)
- 1978 Le Grand Macabre (György Ligeti)
- 1978 Lear (Aribert Reimann)
- 1980 The Lighthouse (Peter Maxwell Davies)
- 1983 Saint-François d'Assise (Olivier Messiaen)
- 1984 Un re in ascolto (Luciano Berio)
- 1984 Akhnaten (Philip Glass)
- 1986 The Mask of Orpheus (Harrison Birtwistle)
- 1987 A Night at the Chinese Opera (Judith Weir)
- 1987 Nixon in China (John Coolidge Adams)
- 1991 Gawain (Harrison Birtwistle)
Sejarah opera-opera pertama yang penting
Opera-opera yang tidak tersenarai di atas tetapi penting di dalam sejarah opera.
- 1598 Dafne (Jacopo Peri) Opera pertama dan dipersembahkan di Florence (Muzik drama ini hilang dan tidak pernah dimain dan ditayangkan sekarang [1]
- 1600 Euridice (Jacopo Peri) Opera yang pertama (ke-dua) tetapi muzik opera yang pertama berjaya dipelihara hingga ke hari ini [2]
- 1625 La liberazione di Ruggiero (Francesca Caccini) Opera yang pertama ditulis oleh wanita [3]
- 1627 Dafne (Heinrich Schütz) Opera jerman yang pertama. (Muzik drama ini hilang dan tidak pernah dimain dan ditayangkan sekarang ) [4]
- 1673 Cadmus et Hermione (Jean-Baptiste Lully) Dianggap sebagai opera sejati Perancis [5]
Pautan Wikipedia English
- (Inggeris) Korpus opera
- (Inggeris) Senarai opera
- (Inggeris) Senarai penggubah opera penting
Rujukan
Rujukan dari buku dan pautan luar
- "A-Z of Opera oleh Keith Anderson, Naxos, 2000".
- "The Standard Repertoire of Grand Opera 1607-1969" (OUP, 1996; paperback edition Pimlico, 1997) ISBN 0-7126-6633-8.
- Senarai dari kronologi opera oleh Mary Ann Smart in The Oxford Illustrated History of Opera (OUP, 1994) ISBN 0-19-816282-0.
- The New Kobbe's Opera Book, ed. George Lascelles, Earl ke-7 dari Harewood (Putnam, 9th ed., 1997) ISBN 0-370-10020-4
- "The Rough Guide to Opera". oleh Matthew Boyden. (2002 edition) ISBN 1-85828-749-9.
- The Metropolitan Opera Guide to Recorded Opera ed. Paul Gruber (Thames and Hudson, 1993) ISBN 0-393-03444-5 dan/atau Metropolitan Opera Stories of the Great Operas ed. John W Freeman (Norton, 1984) ISBN 0-393-01888-1
- Senarai opera dan penggubah dalam Who's Who in British Opera ed. Nicky Adam (Scolar Press, 1993) ISBN 0 859 67 894 6
- Senarai opera dalam Warrack, John, dan Ewan West (1992). The Oxford Dictionary of Opera. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-869164-5.
- Senarai opera dalam Who's Who in Opera: a guide to opera characters oleh Joyce Bourne (Oxford University Press, 1998) ISBN 0-19-210023-8
Nota
- Keseluruhan 93 opera di atas adalah : Adriana Lecouvreur, Aida, Arabella, Ariadne auf Naxos, Un Ballo in Maschera, The Barber of Seville, The Bartered Bride, Billy Budd, Bluebeard's Castle, La bohème, Boris Godunov, Capriccio, Carmen, Cavalleria rusticana, La cenerentola, La clemenza di Tito, Les contes d'Hoffmann, Così fan tutte, The Cunning Little Vixen, Dido and Aeneas, Don Carlos, Don Giovanni, Don Pasquale, Elektra, L'elisir d'amore, L'enfant et les sortilèges, Die Entführung aus dem Serail, Eugene Onegin, Falstaff, Faust, Fidelio, The Flying Dutchman, La forza del destino, Der Freischütz, Giulio Cesare, The Golden Cockerel, Götterdämmerung, L'heure espagnole, Les Huguenots, Idomeneo, L'incoronazione di Poppea, L'Italiana in Algeri, Jenůfa, Káťa Kabanová, Lakmé, The Marriage of Figaro, Il matrimonio segreto, Lohengrin, Louise, Lucia di Lammermoor, Macbeth, Madama Butterfly, The Magic Flute, Manon, Médée, Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg, Mignon, Moses und Aron, Nabucco, Norma, Orfeo, Orfeo ed Euridice, Otello, Pagliacci, Parsifal, Les pêcheurs de perles, Pelléas et Mélisande, Peter Grimes, Prince Igor, I puritani, The Queen of Spades, The Rake's Progress, Das Rheingold, Rigoletto, Roméo et Juliette, Der Rosenkavalier, Salome, Samson and Delilah, Semiramide, Siegfried, Simon Boccanegra, La sonnambula, Tannhauser, Tosca, La traviata, Tristan und Isolde, Il trovatore, Les Troyens, Turandot, The Turn of the Screw, Die Walküre, Werther, Wozzeck
Rujukan lain
- Maklumat opera, penggubah dan genre dari: Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Masuk pada 19 January 2007), grovemusic.com.
- The Viking Opera Guide (1993) ISBN 0-670-81292-7 .
- Warrack, John (1992). The Oxford Dictionary of Opera. ISBN 0-19-869164-5. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (bantuan); Cite has empty unknown parameters:|accessyear=,|origmonth=,|accessmonth=,|month=,|chapterurl=, dan|origdate=(bantuan) - Boyden, Matthew; dll. (1997). Opera, the Rough Guide. ISBN 1-85828-138-5. Cite has empty unknown parameters:
|accessyear=,|origmonth=,|accessmonth=,|month=,|chapterurl=,|origdate=, dan|coauthors=(bantuan); Explicit use of et al. in:|first=(bantuan) - Orrey, Leslie and Milne, Rodney. Opera: A Concise History. World of Art, Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-20217-6. Cite has empty unknown parameters:
|origmonth=,|accessmonth=,|month=,|chapterurl=,|origdate=, dan|accessyear=(bantuan)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Encyclopedia Britannica: Macropedia Volume 24, 15th edition. "Opera" in "Musical forms and genres". ISBN 0-85229-434-4
- Parker, Roger (ed) (1994). The Oxford Illustrated History of Opera. London: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-816282-0. Cite has empty unknown parameters:
|accessyear=,|origmonth=,|accessmonth=,|month=,|chapterurl=,|origdate=, dan|coauthors=(bantuan)CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link) - The Penguin Guide to Opera on Compact Discs ed. Greenfield, March and Layton (1993 edition) ISBN 0-14-046957-5.