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Saul Bellow
Saul Bellow
Lahir	Solomon Bellows; 10 Jun 1915; Lachine, Quebec, Kanada
Meninggal dunia	5 April 2005 (umur 89); Brookline, Massachusetts, Amerika Syarikat
Pekerjaan	Penulis
Warganegara	Kanada-Amerika
Alma mater	Universiti Chicago ; Northwestern University ; University of Wisconsin
Pasangan	Anita Goshkin (1937–1956) Alexandra (Sondra) Tschacbasov (1956–1959); Susan Glassman (1961–64); Alexandra Bagdasar Ionescu Tulcea (1974–1985) Janis Freedman (1989–2005)
Tandatangan

Saul Bellow (lahir Solomon Bellows, 10 Jun 1915 - 5 April 2005) ialah seorang penulis Kanada-Amerika. Untuk karya sasteranya, Bellow dianugerahkan Hadiah Pulitzer, Hadiah Nobel untuk Sastera, dan Pingat Kebangsaan.^[1] Beliau ialah satu-satunya penulis untuk memenangi Anugerah Buku Kebangsaan untuk Fiksyen tiga kali^[2] dan beliau menerima pingat seumur hidup Yayasan Kebangsaan Pingat untuk Sumbangan Cemerlang kepada Surat Amerika pada tahun 1990. ^[3]

Dalam kata-kata Jawatankuasa Nobel Sweden, tulisannya memperlihatkan "gabungan novel picaresque yang kaya dan analisis halus budaya kita, pengembaraan yang menghiburkan, episod drastik dan tragis dalam penggantian pantas yang diselaraskan dengan perbualan falsafah, semua yang dibangunkan oleh seorang pengulas dengan cerdas lidah dan pandangan menembusi ke dalam komplikasi luar dan dalam yang mendorong kita bertindak, atau menghalang kita daripada bertindak, dan itu boleh dipanggil dilema zaman kita."^[4] Antara karya-karyanya yang terkenal ialah The Adventures of Augie March, Henderson the Rain King, Herzog, Planet Mr. Sammler, Seize the Day, Hadiah Humboldt dan Ravelstein. Bellow dianggap secara luas sebagai salah satu pengarang terbesar abad ke-20. ^[5]

Bellow mengatakan bahawa semua wataknya, Eugene Henderson, Henderson the Rain King , adalah yang paling menyukai dirinya. ^[6] Bellow membesar sebagai kanak-kanak kumar yang tidak sombong, seorang "jubah tebal", dan seorang pendatang dari Quebec. Seperti yang diterangkan oleh Christopher Hitchens, fiksyen Bellow dan watak-watak utama mencerminkan kerinduannya sendiri untuk melampaui pertempuran, "untuk mengalahkan bukan sahaja keadaan ghetto tetapi juga psikosis ghetto."^[7]^[8] Protagonis Bellow, dalam satu bentuk atau yang lain, semua bergumul dengan apa yang Albert Corde, dekan dalam The Dean Disember, yang disebut "kegilaan besar-besaran abad ke-20." Transendensi "yang tidak disengaja" itu (frasa dari Dangling Man) dicapai, jika ia dapat dicapai sama sekali, melalui "asimilasi pembelajaran yang ganas (Hitchens) dan penekanan kepada bangsawan.

Bibliografi

Novel dan novela

Dangling Man (1944)
The Victim (1947)
The Adventures of Augie March (1953), National Book Award for Fiction^[9]
Seize the Day (1956)
Henderson the Rain King (1959)
Herzog (1964), National Book Award^[10]
Mr. Sammler's Planet (1970), National Book Award^[11]
Humboldt's Gift (1975), winner of the 1976 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction^[12]
The Dean's December (1982)
More Die of Heartbreak (1987)
A Theft (1989)
The Bellarosa Connection (1989)
The Actual (1997)
Ravelstein (2000)

Koleksi cerpen

Mosby's Memoirs (1968)
Him with His Foot in His Mouth (1984)
Something to Remember Me By: Three Tales (1991)
Collected Stories (2001)

Sandiwara

The Last Analysis (1965)

Edisi Perpustakaan Amerika

Novels 1944–1953: Dangling Man, The Victim, The Adventures of Augie March (2003)
Novels 1956–1964: Seize the Day, Henderson the Rain King, Herzog (2007)
Novels 1970–1982: Mr. Sammler's Planet, Humboldt's Gift, The Dean's December (2010)
Novels 1984–2000: What Kind of Day Did You Have?, More Die of Heartbreak, A Theft, The Bellarosa Connection, The Actual, Ravelstein (2014)

Terjemahan

"Gimpel the Fool"' (1945), short story by Isaac Bashevis Singer (translated by Bellow in 1953)

Bukan cereka

To Jerusalem and Back (1976), memoir
It All Adds Up (1994), essay collection
Saul Bellow: Letters, edited by Benjamin Taylor (2010), correspondence
There Is Simply Too Much To Think About (Viking, 2015), collection of shorter non-fiction pieces

Karya mengenai Saul Bellow

Saul Bellow's Heart: A Son's Memoir, Greg Bellow, 2013 ISBN 978-1608199952
Saul Bellow, Tony Tanner (1965) (see also his City of Words [1971])
Saul Bellow, Malcolm Bradbury (1982)
Saul Bellow Drumlin Woodchuck, Mark Harris, University of Georgia Press. (1982)
Saul Bellow: Modern Critical Views, Harold Bloom (Ed.) (1986)
Handsome Is: Adventures with Saul Bellow, Harriet Wasserman (1997)
Saul Bellow and the Decline of Humanism, Michael K Glenday (1990)
Saul Bellow: A Biography of the Imagination, Ruth Miller, St. Martins Pr. (1991)
Bellow: A Biography, James Atlas (2000)
Saul Bellow and American Transcendentalism, M.A. Quayum (2004)
"Even Later" and "The American Eagle" in Martin Amis, The War Against Cliché (2001) are celebratory. The latter essay is also found in the Everyman's Library edition of Augie March.
'Saul Bellow's comic style': James Wood in The Irresponsible Self: On Laughter and the Novel, 2004. ISBN 0-224-06450-9.
The Hero in Contemporary American Fiction: The Works of Saul Bellow and Don DeLillo , Stephanie Halldorson (2007)
"Saul Bellow" a song, written by Sufjan Stevens on The Avalanche, which is composed of outtakes and other recordings from his concept album Illinois
The Life of Saul Bellow: To Fame and Fortune, 1915–1964 (2015), and The Life of Saul Bellow: Love and Strife, 1965-2005 (2018), Zachary Leader

Rujukan

^ Pengiktirafan Universiti Chicago - Pingat Kebangsaan . Diperoleh pada 8 Mac 2008.
^ "Pemenang Anugerah Buku Kebangsaan: 1950-2009" . Yayasan Buku Kebangsaan . Diperoleh pada 12 Mac 2012.
^ "Sumbangan Cemerlang kepada Surat Amerika" . Yayasan Buku Kebangsaan. Diperoleh pada 12 Mac 2012.
^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 1976 - Press Release". nobelprize.org. Dicapai pada 26 August 2015.
^ Obituari: Saul Bellow BBC News, Selasa, 5 April 2005
^ "The New York Times, Mel Gussow and Charles McGrath[2005], in Saul Bellow, Who Breathed Life into American Novel, Dies at 89". nytimes.com. Dicapai pada 26 August 2015.
^ Arguably: Essays, Christopher Hitchens[2011], "Saul Bellow: The Great Assimilator", Atlantic Books, 2011 ISBN 9780857892577
^ "Titan Amerika Yahudi dari ghetto" Oleh Christopher Hitchens, 30 Disember 30, 2011
^ "National Book Awards – 1954". National Book Foundation (NBF). Retrieved 2012-03-03. (With essay by Nathaniel Rich from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)
^ "National Book Awards – 1965". NBF. Retrieved 2012-03-03. (With acceptance speech by Bellow and essay by Salvatore Scibona from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)
^ "National Book Awards – 1971". NBF. Retrieved 2012-03-03. (With essay by Craig Morgan Teicher from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)
^ "History". Past winners & finalists by category. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 30 March 2012.

Pautan luar

Karya oleh atau mengenai Saul Bellow di perpustakaan (katalog WorldCat)
Nobel site with two speeches (one of which is an audio recording) & longer biography

[1] Pengiktirafan Universiti Chicago - Pingat Kebangsaan . Diperoleh pada 8 Mac 2008.

[winners-2] "Pemenang Anugerah Buku Kebangsaan: 1950-2009" . Yayasan Buku Kebangsaan . Diperoleh pada 12 Mac 2012.

[medal-3] "Sumbangan Cemerlang kepada Surat Amerika" . Yayasan Buku Kebangsaan. Diperoleh pada 12 Mac 2012.

[nobelprize-4] "Nobel Prize in Literature 1976 - Press Release". nobelprize.org. Dicapai pada 26 August 2015.

[5] Obituari: Saul Bellow BBC News, Selasa, 5 April 2005

[nytimes-6] "The New York Times, Mel Gussow and Charles McGrath[2005], in Saul Bellow, Who Breathed Life into American Novel, Dies at 89". nytimes.com. Dicapai pada 26 August 2015.

[7] Arguably: Essays, Christopher Hitchens[2011], "Saul Bellow: The Great Assimilator", Atlantic Books, 2011 ISBN 9780857892577

[8] "Titan Amerika Yahudi dari ghetto" Oleh Christopher Hitchens, 30 Disember 30, 2011

[nba1954-9] "National Book Awards – 1954". National Book Foundation (NBF). Retrieved 2012-03-03. (With essay by Nathaniel Rich from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)

[nba1965-10] "National Book Awards – 1965". NBF. Retrieved 2012-03-03. (With acceptance speech by Bellow and essay by Salvatore Scibona from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)

[nba1971-11] "National Book Awards – 1971". NBF. Retrieved 2012-03-03. (With essay by Craig Morgan Teicher from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)

[pulitzer-12] "History". Past winners & finalists by category. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 30 March 2012.

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l b s Penerima Hadiah Nobel dalam Kesusasteraan
1901–1925	1901 Sully Prudhomme 1902 Theodor Mommsen 1903 Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson 1904 Frédéric Mistral / José Echegaray 1905 Henryk Sienkiewicz 1906 Giosuè Carducci 1907 Rudyard Kipling 1908 Rudolf Eucken 1909 Selma Lagerlöf 1910 Paul Heyse 1911 Maurice Maeterlinck 1912 Gerhart Hauptmann 1913 Rabindranath Tagore 1914 1915 Romain Rolland 1916 Verner von Heidenstam 1917 Karl Gjellerup / Henrik Pontoppidan 1918 1919 Carl Spitteler 1920 Knut Hamsun 1921 Anatole France 1922 Jacinto Benavente 1923 W. B. Yeats 1924 Władysław Reymont 1925 George Bernard Shaw
1926–1950	1926 Grazia Deledda 1927 Henri Bergson 1928 Sigrid Undset 1929 Thomas Mann 1930 Sinclair Lewis 1931 Erik Axel Karlfeldt 1932 John Galsworthy 1933 Ivan Bunin 1934 Luigi Pirandello 1935 1936 Eugene O'Neill 1937 Roger Martin du Gard 1938 Pearl S. Buck 1939 Frans Eemil Sillanpää 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 Johannes V. Jensen 1945 Gabriela Mistral 1946 Hermann Hesse 1947 André Gide 1948 T. S. Eliot 1949 William Faulkner 1950 Bertrand Russell
1951–1975	1951 Pär Lagerkvist 1952 François Mauriac 1953 Winston Churchill 1954 Ernest Hemingway 1955 Halldór Laxness 1956 Juan Ramón Jiménez 1957 Albert Camus 1958 Boris Pasternak 1959 Salvatore Quasimodo 1960 Saint-John Perse 1961 Ivo Andrić 1962 John Steinbeck 1963 Giorgos Seferis 1964 Jean-Paul Sartre (anugerah ditolak) 1965 Mikhail Sholokhov 1966 Shmuel Yosef Agnon / Nelly Sachs 1967 Miguel Ángel Asturias 1968 Yasunari Kawabata 1969 Samuel Beckett 1970 Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn 1971 Pablo Neruda 1972 Heinrich Böll 1973 Patrick White 1974 Eyvind Johnson / Harry Martinson 1975 Eugenio Montale
1976–2000	1976 Saul Bellow 1977 Vicente Aleixandre 1978 Isaac Bashevis Singer 1979 Odysseas Elytis 1980 Czesław Miłosz 1981 Elias Canetti 1982 Gabriel García Márquez 1983 William Golding 1984 Jaroslav Seifert 1985 Claude Simon 1986 Wole Soyinka 1987 Joseph Brodsky 1988 Naguib Mahfouz 1989 Camilo José Cela 1990 Octavio Paz 1991 Nadine Gordimer 1992 Derek Walcott 1993 Toni Morrison 1994 Kenzaburō Ōe 1995 Seamus Heaney 1996 Wisława Szymborska 1997 Dario Fo 1998 José Saramago 1999 Günter Grass 2000 Gao Xingjian
2001–kini	2001 V. S. Naipaul 2002 Imre Kertész 2003 J. M. Coetzee 2004 Elfriede Jelinek 2005 Harold Pinter 2006 Orhan Pamuk 2007 Doris Lessing 2008 J. M. G. Le Clézio 2009 Herta Müller 2010 Mario Vargas Llosa 2011 Tomas Tranströmer 2012 Mo Yan 2013 Alice Munro 2014 Patrick Modiano 2015 Svetlana Alexievich 2016 Bob Dylan 2017 Kazuo Ishiguro 2018 Olga Tokarczuk 2019 Peter Handke 2020 Louise Glück 2021 Abdulrazak Gurnah 2022 Annie Ernaux 2023 Jon Fosse 2024 Han Kang

Kawalan kewibawaan
Umum	ISNI 1 VIAF 1 WorldCat (melalui VIAF)
Perpustakaan negara	Norway Chile Sepanyol Perancis (data) Catalonia Jerman Itali Israel Amerika Syarikat Latvia Jepun Republik Czech Australia Yunani Korea Croatia Belanda Poland Sweden
Kamus biografi	Jerman
Pangkalan data saintifik	CiNii (Jepun)
Lain-lain	Aplikasi Berfaset Terminologi Subjek MusicBrainz (artis) Arkib Negara (A.S.) RERO (Switzerland) 1 Rangkaian Sosial dan Konteks Arkib SUDOC (Perancis) 1 Trove (Australia) 1

Saul Bellow

Lahir	Solomon Bellows (1915-06-10)10 Jun 1915 Lachine, Quebec, Kanada
Meninggal dunia	5 April 2005(2005-04-05) (umur 89) Brookline, Massachusetts, Amerika Syarikat
Pekerjaan	Penulis
Warganegara	Kanada-Amerika
Alma mater	Universiti Chicago Northwestern University University of Wisconsin
Pasangan	Anita Goshkin (1937–1956) Alexandra (Sondra) Tschacbasov (1956–1959) Susan Glassman (1961–64) Alexandra Bagdasar Ionescu Tulcea (1974–1985) Janis Freedman (1989–2005)
Tandatangan