Libya Purba - Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas

Semasa Zaman Besi dan zaman klasik, Libya (daripada bahasa Yunani Λιβύη: Libyē, yang datang daripada bahasa Berber: Libu) merujuk kepada kawasan Afrika Utara yang terus di barat sungai Nil (kini Libya, Tunisia, Algeria dan Maghribi), tidak boleh dikelirukan dengan negara moden Libya, yang hanya bahagian timur wilayah tersebut pada masa itu. Libya purba salah satu daripada tiga bahagian dunia zaman dahulu (Libya, Asia, Europa).^[1] Wilayah itu juga mempunyai sebahagian daripada Laut Mediterranean yang dinamakan sempena nama Laut Libya atau Mare Libycum yang merupakan bahagian Mediterranean selatan Crete, antara Cyrene dan Iskandariah.

Ahli geografi Yunani and Rom meletakkan garisan pemisah antara Libya dan Asia di Sungai Nil kerana seluruh wilayah di selatan Mediterranean dan barat Sungai Nil boleh dianggap menggunakan satu bahasa yang sama, dan bahasa Berber digunakan di seluruh Afrika Utara hingga ke pesisiran Atlantik^[2] serta digunakan oleh kaum orang Libya (Berber)^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] Kawasan ini dibahagikan pada zaman Rom kepada empat wilayah utama: Mauretania, Numidia, Afrika Preconsularis dan Libya yang mengekalkan nama asalnya. Sebaliknya, kawasan Afrika Subsahara dikenali sebagai Aethiopia. Lama kemudian, nama Afrika diperluaskan ke seluruh benua dan bukan hanya Wilayah Rom di Afrika.

Rujukan

^ Vycichl, W. (1985-11-01). "Africa". Encyclopédie berbère (dalam bahasa Perancis) (2): 216–217. doi:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.888. ISSN 1015-7344.
^ Sage, Michael (2020-06-30). Septimius Severus & the Roman Army (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Pen and Sword Military. ISBN 978-1-5267-0243-2.
^ "Africa - whats in a name?". sahistory.org. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 6 September 2023. Dicapai pada 6 September 2023. For the ancient Greeks, almost everything south of the Mediterranean Sea and west of the Nile was referred to as ‘Libya’. This was also the name given by the ancient Greeks to the Berber people who occupied most of that land. The ancient Greeks believed their world was divided into three greater ‘regions’, Europa, Asia and Libya, all centred around the Aegean Sea. They also believed that the dividing line between Libya and Asia was the Nile River, placing half of Egypt in Asia and the other half in Libya. For many centuries, even into the late medieval period, cartographers followed the Greek example, placing the Nile as the dividing line between the landmasses.
^ Strabo. "Book II, Chapter 5:26". Geography. Now as you sail into the strait at the Pillars, Libya lies on your right hand as far as the stream of the Nile, and on your left hand across the strait lies Europe as far as the Tanaïs. And both Europe and Libya end at Asia.
^ Pliny the Elder. "Book III, Chapter 1". Natural History. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 31 August 2023. Dicapai pada 31 August 2023. The whole globe is divided into three parts, Europe, Asia, and Africa. Our description commences where the sun sets and at the Straits of Gades, where the Atlantic ocean, bursting in, is poured forth into the inland seas. As it makes its entrance from that side, Africa is on the right hand and Europe on the left; Asia lies between them; the boundaries being the rivers Tanais and Nile.
^ Herodotus. "Book II, chapter 16". Histories. If then our judgment of this be right, the Ionians are in error concerning Egypt; but if their opinion be right, then it is plain that they and the rest of the Greeks cannot reckon truly, when they divide the whole earth into three parts, Europe, Asia, and Libya; they must add to these yet a fourth part, the Delta of Egypt, if it belong neither to Asia nor to Libya; for by their showing the Nile is not the river that separates Asia and Libya; the Nile divides at the extreme angle of this Delta, so that this land must be between Asia and Libya.

Pautan luar

What Happened to the Ancient Libyans?, Chasing Sources across the Sahara from Herodotus to Ibn Khaldun by Richard L. Smith.
Bunson, Margaret. "Libya." Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1991
Who Lived in Africa before the Roman Conquest?

[1] Vycichl, W. (1985-11-01). "Africa". Encyclopédie berbère (dalam bahasa Perancis) (2): 216–217. doi:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.888. ISSN 1015-7344.

[2] Sage, Michael (2020-06-30). Septimius Severus & the Roman Army (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Pen and Sword Military. ISBN 978-1-5267-0243-2.

[3] "Africa - whats in a name?". sahistory.org. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 6 September 2023. Dicapai pada 6 September 2023. For the ancient Greeks, almost everything south of the Mediterranean Sea and west of the Nile was referred to as ‘Libya’. This was also the name given by the ancient Greeks to the Berber people who occupied most of that land. The ancient Greeks believed their world was divided into three greater ‘regions’, Europa, Asia and Libya, all centred around the Aegean Sea. They also believed that the dividing line between Libya and Asia was the Nile River, placing half of Egypt in Asia and the other half in Libya. For many centuries, even into the late medieval period, cartographers followed the Greek example, placing the Nile as the dividing line between the landmasses.

[4] Strabo. "Book II, Chapter 5:26". Geography. Now as you sail into the strait at the Pillars, Libya lies on your right hand as far as the stream of the Nile, and on your left hand across the strait lies Europe as far as the Tanaïs. And both Europe and Libya end at Asia.

[5] Pliny the Elder. "Book III, Chapter 1". Natural History. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 31 August 2023. Dicapai pada 31 August 2023. The whole globe is divided into three parts, Europe, Asia, and Africa. Our description commences where the sun sets and at the Straits of Gades, where the Atlantic ocean, bursting in, is poured forth into the inland seas. As it makes its entrance from that side, Africa is on the right hand and Europe on the left; Asia lies between them; the boundaries being the rivers Tanais and Nile.

[6] Herodotus. "Book II, chapter 16". Histories. If then our judgment of this be right, the Ionians are in error concerning Egypt; but if their opinion be right, then it is plain that they and the rest of the Greeks cannot reckon truly, when they divide the whole earth into three parts, Europe, Asia, and Libya; they must add to these yet a fourth part, the Delta of Egypt, if it belong neither to Asia nor to Libya; for by their showing the Nile is not the river that separates Asia and Libya; the Nile divides at the extreme angle of this Delta, so that this land must be between Asia and Libya.

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