Daya kreatif

Daya kreatif merupakan proses membabitkan carian idea atau konsep baru, atau kaitan baru antara konsep atau idea sedia ada, didorong oleh proses sama ada secara sedar atau luar sedar.

Dari sudut pandangan saintifik, hasil pemikiran kreatif (kadang kala dirujuk sebagai pemikiran mencapah (divergent thought), biasanya dianggap sebagai memiliki keaslian dan kesesuaian.

Sungguhpun secara intuitif fenomenanya mudah, ia sebenarnya amat rumit. Ia telah dikaji dari segi psikologi kelakuan, psikologi sosial, psikometrik, sains kognitif, kecerdasan buatan, falsafah, estetik, sejarah, ekonomi, kajian reka-bentuk, perniagaan, dan pengurusan antaranya. Kajian-kajian ini meliputi kreativiti harian, kreativiti luar biasa dan malah kreativiti buatan. Tidak seperti banyak fenomena dalam sains, tidak terdapat satu perspektif berwibawa tunggal atau takrifan daya kreatif. Dan tidak seperti banyak fenomena dalam psikologi, tidak terdapat satu pun teknik pengukuran yang terpiawai.

Membezakan antara kreatif dan inovasi

Ia sering kali berguna untuk membezakan antara kreatif dan inovasi.

Kreatif biasanya digunakan bagi merujuk kepada tindakan menghasilkan idea baru, pendekatan atau tindakan, sementara inovasi merupakan proses menghasilkan dan menggunakan kreatif sebegitu dalam bentuk tertentu.

Dalam konteks organisasi, istilah inovasi sering kali digunakan bagi merujuk keseluruhan proses di mana organisasi menghasilkan idea kreatif baru dan menukarkannya menjadi barangan, perkhidmatan, dan amalan perniagaan yang berlainan, berguna dan memiliki daya komersial, sementara istilah kreatif dikhususkan bagi kegunaan khusus dalam proses penghasilan idea berlainan oleh individual atau kumpulan, sebagai langkah perlu dalam proses inovasi.

Sebagai contoh, Amabile et al. (1996) mencadangkan bahawa inovasi "bermula dengan idea kreatif,"

"...creativity by individuals and teams is a starting point for innovation; the first is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the second."^[1]

Sungguhpun kedua perkataan adalah berlainan, ia adalah seriring. Untuk berinovasi, pekerja perlu menjadi kreatif untuk kekal bersaing.

Lagi satu konsep penting dalam perbincangan istilah kreatif dan inovasi merupakan idea "novel" atau baru. pemikiran atau perlakuan yang bersifat kreatif dan seterusnya menjadikan ia berunsur inovatif mestilah mempunyai sifat "novelty" atau baharu - Tidak pernah dilakukan sebelumnya atau tidak yang biasa diketahui umum sebelumnya.

Nota

^ Amabile, T. M., R. Conti, H. Coon; dll. (1996). "Assessing the work environment for creativity". Academy of Management Review. 39 (5): 1154–1184. doi:10.2307/256995. Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (bantuan)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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Pautan luar

[(Amabile_et_al.,_1996_p._1154-1155,_emphasis_added)-1] Amabile, T. M., R. Conti, H. Coon; dll. (1996). "Assessing the work environment for creativity". Academy of Management Review. 39 (5): 1154–1184. doi:10.2307/256995. Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (bantuan)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[1]